Ouhsc Pt Care Exam 2

Front 1

is the study of drug actions or interactions with living organisms.

Back 1

Pharmacology

Front 2

This is any chemical substance that produces a biologic response in a living system. Used as a medicine to aid in diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease.

Back 2

drug

Front 3

These are the processes that control the drugs:
Absorption into bloodstream
Distribution to target organ
Biotransformation or metabolism (conversion for excretion)
Excretion - leaving body

Back 3

Pharmacokinetics

Front 4

highest potential for abuse/federal regulation

Back 4

schedule I

Front 5

controlled substance/ locked away in narcotics box/ limited access/federal regulations; no phone renewals

Back 5

schedule II

Front 6

controlled substance/limited access/state regulations; 6 month prescription or 5 refills

Back 6

schedule III and IV

Front 7

nonnarcotic prescription drugs

Back 7

schedule V

Front 8

This is the study of the mechanism of drug action on living tissues

Back 8

Pharmacodynamics

Front 9

route of administration
dosage form
interaction with food or other drugs


________ depends on all these things

Back 9

absorption

Front 10

________depends on absorption into blood stream and transfer to target organ.

Back 10

distribution

Front 11

Drugs are primarily metabolized in the ______. Additional sites of metabolism include the tissues of the ____, the ______, the______ and the skin and organelles (mitochndria and endoplasmic reticulum).

Back 11

liver
lungs
kidneys
intestines

Front 12

Excretion occurs primarily in the ______
Some excretion may occur in the ......

Back 12

kidneys.
feces and pulmonary route

Front 13

Pharmacokinetics does what? Pharmacodynamics does what?

Back 13

explores what the body does to the drug

explores what a drug does to the body

Front 14

_______is the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be metabolized in the body

Back 14

half life

Front 15

For a drug to produce its intended effect it must reach a _______ in the body

Back 15

steady state concentration

Front 16

For a steady state to be maintained the amount of drug in should equal the.....

Back 16

the amount of drug out over a 24-hour period.

Front 17

The number of times a medication is administered per day is dependent on the body clearance rate; if the body is unable to clear from system (excrete), continued dosing can result in ______

Back 17

toxicity.

Front 18

Describe factors that might influence medication’s action on a patient and provide a rationale for each.

Back 18

Gender & Age
Hormonal differences
Body weight
Nutritional state
Drug history
Time of day
Emotional or physiologic state

Front 19

This is an expected unintended effect that is essentially not harmful (benign)

Back 19

side effect

Front 20

This is an unintended effect that is harmful and unexpected

Back 20

adverse effect

Front 21

This is the effect of too much medication

Back 21

toxic effect

Front 22

This is the intended effect of the medication

Back 22

Therapeutic effect

Front 23

______is considered by the physician when prescribing medications.
It is important to weigh the possible effects against the desired outcome of the medication.
For example:
this drug kills cancer cells but it makes my hair fall out;
this drug controls my blood pressure but I have a constant dry cough

Back 23

Risk vs Benifit

Front 24

This describes the need for increasingly larger amounts to produce the desired effect

Back 24

tolerance

Front 25

This is a result of changes in the receptors over time and is NOT addiction

Back 25

tolerance

Front 26

This is the condition of being habitually or compulsively occupied with or involved in something.

Back 26

addiction

Front 27

Thias is the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming, as narcotics, to such an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma.

Back 27

addiciton

Front 28

The person who administers the drug is legally liable. This includes ______, ________ and _______. You are not licensed to dispense drugs but you are ______ when you administer them.

Back 28

radionuclides
interventional agents
contrast agents
liable

Front 29

Drug Standards set by the federal government for drug safety:

Back 29

1. Purity
2. Bioavailability
3. Potency
4. Efficacy
5. Safety and Toxicity

Front 30

This is the amount of drug is circulating in the bloodstream and/or ready to produce its intended action

Back 30

Bioavailablity

Front 31

_______ is affected by: binding capacity, lipid solubility/water solubility, and the drug’s ability to cross the blood brain barrier and/or the placental barrier.

Back 31

Bioavailablity

Front 32

This is a particular area that receives the maximum effect of a drug

Back 32

Drug Receptor

Front 33

This is tendency for a drug to attach to a particular site

Back 33

Affinity

Front 34

This is a drug that attaches to a receptor and produces an intrinsic activity

Back 34

Agonist

Front 35

This is a drug that attaches to a receptor and prevents the agonist from responding

Back 35

Antagonist

Front 36

This is a form of tolerance that occurs with repeated administration of a certain drug

Back 36

Resistance

Front 37

This is the combined effect of two drugs; 1+1 = 2

Back 37

Additive

Front 38

This is a drug that enhances the response of another drug; greater than the combined effect; 1 + 1 = 3

Back 38

Synergistic

Front 39

One substance does not have an effect unless combined with a second substance: 0 + 2 = 10

What is this describing

Back 39

Potentiator

Front 40

When two drugs interfere with each other; 1 + 1 = 0.5

Back 40

Antagonism

Front 41

These are unintended effects; harmful

Back 41

Adverse effect

Front 42

Drugs can be classed by _____, ______, or _______

Back 42

name
action
method of legal purchase

Front 43

This drug classification involves the exact composition of drug

Back 43

Chemical name

Front 44

This drug classification name given to medications prior to FDA approval; specific to drug not to the manufacturer producing the drug (small print or lower case letters)

Back 44

Generic name

Front 45

This drug classification name is given by manufacturing company

Back 45

Trade name

Front 46

This is a form of tolerance that occurs with repeated administration of a certain drug

Back 46

Resistance

Front 47

This is the combined effect of two drugs; 1+1 = 2

Back 47

Additive

Front 48

This is a drug that enhances the response of another drug; greater than the combined effect; 1 + 1 = 3

Back 48

Synergistic

Front 49

One substance does not have an effect unless combined with a second substance: 0 + 2 = 10

What is this describing

Back 49

Potentiator

Front 50

When two drugs interfere with each other; 1 + 1 = 0.5

Back 50

Antagonism

Front 51

These are unintended effects; harmful

Back 51

Adverse effect

Front 52

Drugs can be classed by _____, ______, or _______

Back 52

name
action
method of legal purchase

Front 53

This drug classification involves the exact composition of drug

Back 53

Chemical name

Front 54

This drug classification name given to medications prior to FDA approval; specific to drug not to the manufacturer producing the drug (small print or lower case letters)

Back 54

Generic name

Front 55

This drug classification name is given by manufacturing company

Back 55

Trade name

Front 56

This is a drug information source published yearly provides accepted uses, side effects, contraindications, dosages and potential adverse effects

Back 56

PDR

Front 57

What are the 5 rights of drug administration

Back 57

right patient
right drug
right dose
right time
right route.

Front 58

What are the methods of administration

Back 58

oral
parenteral
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Intravenous

Front 59

What is the safest, most efficient, most frequently used method of administration

Back 59

Oral

Front 60

What two things determine the speed or onset of action and therapeutic effect.

Back 60

Dosage and route of administration

Front 61

What are the most commonly used sites for subcutaneous injections

Back 61

the outer aspect of the upper arms, the abdomen, the scapulae and the anterior thighs.

Front 62

Medications are given at a 45 degree angle into the tissues beneath the skin with a 23 or 25 gauge needle. What type of injection does this describe

Back 62

subcutaneous

Front 63

What are the usual sites used for IM injections

Back 63

usual site is the dorsal gluteal site but other sites are the deltoid muscle and the mid-lateral thigh

Front 64

What injections are given at a 90 degree angle to the site

Back 64

IM

Front 65

26 or 27 gauge needle used to administer
medication to the dermis of the inner aspect of the forearm describes what kind of injection

Back 65

intradermal

Front 66

what are the most common access sites for IV's

Back 66

there are multiple venous access sites most common being cephalic vein, basilic vein, antecubital vein, and the accessory cephalic vein

Front 67

What is the most hazardous route of administration

Back 67

IV

Front 68

This is a locking device that secures the needle firmly in place and an eccentric tip has the tip located to
the side rather than in the center of the barrel.

Back 68

Luer-lock

Front 69

Needles used for injections are made of ________

Back 69

stainless steel