Ouhsc Pharm Test 1 Drugs

Front 1

-Not effective when given orally
-stimulates all adenoreceptors
-increases HR and contractibility
-relaxes bronchial smooth muscle in asthma and anaphalactic shock
-controls metabolism

Back 1

Epinephrine

Front 2

-Released from sympathetic nerve endings acting on all alpha adenoreceptors and beta 1 adenorecetpors
-injection will increase blood pressure by both vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output

Back 2

Norepinephrine

Front 3

- is the precursor to the formation of EPI and NE
- agents that block the receptors cause Parkinsons disease
- renal blood vessels have non-innervated dopamine receptors that produce vasodilation
- at high doses can increase blood pressure and cardiac output

Back 3

Dopamine

Front 4

-is orally effective
-limited therapeutic justification
- chronic toxicity can mimic paranoid schitophrenia

Back 4

Amphetamine

Front 5

-is orally effective
-limited therapeutic justification
- chronic toxicity can mimic paranoid schitophrenia

Back 5

Methamphetamines

Front 6

-is a mild CNS stimulant that is structurally related to amphetamine
-in large doses it will produce generalized CNS excitation and may cause convulsion
-its primary use is in children with attention deficit disorder
- has good bioavalibility

Back 6

Methylphenidate

Front 7

-is the oldest drug known to man
-used in Chinese medicine for over 3000 years
-half of its action is due to direct receptor stimulation where it acts on all alpha and beta receptors
-half of its action is also indirect in that it releases NE from neural stones
- can be used as a treatment for bronchial asthma
- is found in some over he counter meds for ear and nasal decongestion
- can be used in opthamology to produc eshrt lasting mydriasis, and cyclopesia

Back 7

Ephedrine

Front 8

-Neo-Synephrine
-orally effective when given in large doses (200-300 times IV dose) so its inclusion in over the counter is questionable
-used in opthamology to produce mydrasis
-can be used as a nasal spray cause it causes vasoconstriction along with less leakage of fluid
- unfortunately can cause worse congestion than nefore once it wears off

Back 8

Phenylephrine

Front 9

-Main action is the long term stimulation of the CNS alpha 2 receptors
-used to treat high blood pressure
-decreases activity of the neurons in the brain involved with pain (so it is used as a pain reliever)
-is given for drug withdrawl

Back 9

Clonadine

Front 10

– is a modification of metaproterenol, but is longer acting
-Has a higher incidence of cardiac side effects
-although not FDA approved, used to prevent premature child birth
-used to treat bronchial asthma

Back 10

Terbutaline

Front 11

-treatment of asthma, has same indications as terbutaline, but is longer acting and has fewer side effects

Back 11

Albuterol

Front 12

-long acting beta 2 adenoreceptor agonist that is commonly used to treat bronchial asthma

Back 12

Salmeterol

Front 13

-is a synthetic catecholamine analog of dopamine that is a highly selective beta 1 adenoreceptor stimulant (but does not stimulate dopamine receptors
-increases cardiac output without vasoconstriction associate with NE that would result in increased cardiac work
-is used for short term treatment for cardiac insufficiency (like in organic heart disease or cardiac surgery)

Back 13

Dobutamine

Front 14

-classified as a local anesthetic agent that also is a potent inhibitor of NE reuptake

Back 14

Cocaine

Front 15

-potent inhibitor of catecholamine reuptake into adrenergic nerve ternials
-treats pathological depression

Back 15

Tricyclic antidepressants

Front 16

-an alpha 1 blocker that will decrease BP
-when BP in decreased the body tries to increase BP by means of the heart, so often this drug is given with beta blockers to decrease HR
-does not produce large reflex tachycardia that’s seen with other alpha adrenoreceptors antagonists
-useful in treating hypertensive patients
-some patients respond with extreme hypotension and loss of consciousness
-to avoid “first dose effect”, initially less dose should be slowly administered

Back 16

Prazosin

Front 17

-this is a prazson like drug wioth longer lasting qualities permitting once a day dose
-often givern to treat prostatic hypertrophy

Back 17

Doxazosin

Front 18

-this is a prazson like drug with longer lasting qualities permitting once a day dose
-often given to treat prostatic hypertrophy

Back 18

Terazosin

Front 19

-blocks beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoreceptors, so it is classified as being nonselective
-initailly used to treat cardiac arrhythmias
-can be used as an anesthetic (almost as potent as lidocane)
-also an effective hypertensive drug
-it is unknown how this drug lowers BP

Back 19

Propranolol

Front 20

-is primarily a beta 1 blocker
-is refered to as cardioselective
-reduces plasma renin but has less metabolic and bronchial effects
-can be given to patients with renal failure

Back 20

Metoprolol

Front 21

-is a cardioselective beta 1 blocker
-has a longer half life than metoprolol
-produces less CNS side effects than metoprolol
-excreted by the kidneys so should not be given to patients with renal problems
-can be given to patients with liver failure

Back 21

Atenolol

Front 22

-is a cardioselective beta blocker with a very short half live when given IV (10 – 15 min)
-short half life is due to rapid hydrolysis by red blood cells
-use dfor acute emergency control of ventricular HR in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter(particularly during inoperative anesthesia)
-may be safer to use in and more easily controlled in critically ill patient

Back 22

Esmolol

Front 23

-introduced for clinical use as a compound having both alpha and beta blocking properties
-is a nonselective beta antagonist and an alpha 1 selective blocker
-is an sntihypertensive agent that decreases total peripheral resistance with little reflex effect on the HR or cardiac output

Back 23

Labetalol

Front 24

-has actions similar to labetalol
-is a free radical scavenger and consquentally may protect the heart form damage
-is approved for treating patient with CHF

Back 24

Carvedilol

Front 25

-must be injected to have an effect
-injectgion causes short term stimulation of all cholinergic recpetors (but will nto enter the brain casue its highly charged)
-broken down by cholinesterase
-not used as a therapeutic agent

Back 25

Acetylcholine

Front 26

-only one of the choline esters that has well established clinical use
-is seen in both methacholine and carbachol
-is refractory to Achase inactivation
-useful in treating post operative urinary retention and atony of the GI tract
-has mostly muscarinic stimulating effects

Back 26

Bethanechol

Front 27

-stimulates all nicotinic receptors in the body
-injection of it stimulates all autonomic ganglia in the bosy (including the adrenal medulla) and stimulation of all skeletal muscle endplates
-if you know the predominant tone of the individual autonomic organ, you can predict the response of this drug on both the stimulating and blocking modes

Back 27

Nicotine

Front 28

-derived from mushrooms
-atropine is the antidote
-will stimulate all muscarinic receptors in the body whether innervated or not

Back 28

Muscarine

Front 29

-originally isolated from a south American shrub
-selectivly activates muscarinic recptors
-not highly charged so it will pass the BBB
-used ot treat glaucoma
-outflow of aqueous humor from the eye is enhanced by due to constriction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary body behind the iris
-these events widen the angle between the cornea and the iris where aqueous flow takes place

Back 29

Pilocarpine

Front 30

-derived from Calabar bean
-like acetylcholine it binds to anionic and esteratic sites on enzymes
-not highly charges so it can enter rthe CNS
-has little activity other than its action to inhibit AChase

Back 30

Physostigmine

Front 31

-short duration of action as it binds tightly to only one of the enzyme sites
-inhibot AChase only for munites
-is valuable in the diagnosis of M.G.
-patient may exibit skeletal muscle weakness that could be due to either too much AChase inhibition (cholinergic crisi) or insufficient AChase inhibition (myasthenic crisis)
-due to its short action, it is beneficial in the titration of the effective dose levels of longer acting anticholesterase agents

Back 31

Edrophonium

Front 32

-treats MG
-it is a potent reversible anti-AChase compound
-treatmetn of the disease is a long term process and some patient develop tolerance or allergies to specific drugs
-other agents may be better tolerated

Back 32

Pyridostigmine

Front 33

-is a CNS acting anticholinesterase used to treat Alzheimers

Back 33

Donepezil

Front 34

-common insecticides used in agriculture
-is not an anti-AChase compound but is converted by the liver to the active agent paraxon

Back 34

Parathion

Front 35

-readily absorbed following oral administration
-derived from plants such as the deadly night shade and has a history as a poison
-differs from scopolamine in that it produces the CNS excitation whereas scopolamine is a CNS depressant

Back 35

Atropine

Front 36

-atropine like alkaloid
-has a shorter duration of action
-readily absorbed through the skin
-used to prevent motion sickness

Back 36

Scopolamine

Front 37

-less potent and shorter acting muscarinic antagonist
-more useful for general opthalmological exams than atropine or scopalomine

Back 37

Tropocamide

Front 38

-synthetic muscarinic antagonist
-has few CNS side effects
-applied to the airway by an inhailer
-used in patient with COPD
-does not reduce volume or increase viscosity in the airway like atropine does

Back 38

Ipratropium

Front 39

-CNS acting antimuscarinic drug
-used to relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s

Back 39

Benztropine

Front 40

-atropine like agent
-used to treat spasms of the bladder seen after urologic surgery and in neurological disorders producing bladder hyperactivity
-can be administered orally or topically (via catheter) to decrease tone of bladder smooth muscle and thus improving incontinance

Back 40

Oxybutynin

Front 41

-ganglionic blocking drug
-only used presently as an experimental drug
-blocks all autonomic ganglia, but does not compete with Ach at the nicotinic receptors found on the end plate region of the skeletal muscle

Back 41

Hexamethonium

Front 42

Hemostasis -

Back 42

control bleeding by epinephrine on a cotton ball (skin has only alpha receptors

Front 43

Nasal decongestion –

Back 43

(phenolethine) spray alpha stimulant up the nose

Front 44

Local anesthetics -

Back 44

can put epinephrine in gums during dental work

Front 45

Hypertension-

Back 45

(chlonodine or atenolol) to decrease BP and HR

Front 46

Hypotension-

Back 46

(phenylephrine) to increase BP

Front 47

Cardiac stimulation-

Back 47

(Dobutamine)

Front 48

Bronchodialation-

Back 48

(Terbutaline or albuterol) anything that stimulates beta 2 receptors

Front 49

Allergic reaction-

Back 49

if airway shuts down give EPI by whatever means possible

Front 50

Appetite control-

Back 50

amphetamine or methamphetamine

Front 51

Narcolepsy-

Back 51

amphetamine or methamphetamine

Front 52

Behavioral disorders-

Back 52

amphetamine or methamphetamine

Front 53

Urine motility-

Back 53

Terbutaline

Front 54

Opiod withdrawl-

Back 54

clonadine

Front 55

Hypertension-

Back 55

(propranalol) any beta 1 blocker will work

Front 56

Glaucoma-

Back 56

Pilocarpine

Front 57

Angina

Back 57

- (Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol, Esmolol) any beta blocker

Front 58

Post infarction prophylaxis-

Back 58

Beta blockers forever

Front 59

CHF-

Back 59

metropolol

Front 60

Stage fright-

Back 60

propranolol

Front 61

Migrane-

Back 61

propranolol

Front 62

Cardiac arythmian-

Back 62

esmolol (cause it only lasts a few minutes, but any beta blocker will do)

Front 63

Essential tremor-

Back 63

propranolol

Front 64

Pheochromocytoma-

Back 64

(this is a tumor of the adrenal medulla) to control BP and HR alpha and beta blockers. Also the blood vessels have alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors so use phenobenzamine

Front 65

Benign prostatic hypertrophy-

Back 65

(Doxazosin or Terazosin) block beta 1 receptor