Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Symptoms present 4-8 hours after exposure
Bibasilar crackles General pulm sx: cough, tachypnea/dyspnea, tachycardia |
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
|
|
|
MC complaint = SOB
Pleuritic Chest pain Tachypnea/Tachycardia Hypoxia Risk factors of immobility Virchow's Triad |
Pulmonary embolism
|
|
|
Signs and symptoms of respiratory distress in a preterm infant
|
Hyaline membrane disease
|
|
|
Symptoms related to lung, skin, eyes, peripheral nerves, liver, kidney, heart, and other tissue
Parotid gland enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy Erythema Nodosum |
Sarcoidosis
|
|
|
Abrupt onset of fever (>38.2 C or 100.7), dry cough, myalgias, chills
Dry cough and fever of >38.2C during this season is highly predictive in ages 4+ |
Influenza A (and B)
|
|
|
Fever
Tachypnea/Tachycardia/Dyspnea Cough Low O2 saturation Inspiratory crackles and bronchial breath sounds |
Community Acquired Pneumonia
|
|
|
At least 2: In the presence of New/progressive pulmonary opacity
-Fever -Leukocytosis -Purulent sputum Sx will be similar to community acquired pneumonia |
Hospital acquired pneumonia (nosocomial)
|
|
|
Fever, Wt loss
Cough w/ foul smelling purulent sputum Poor dentition |
Anaerobic/Aspiration Pneumonia
|
|
|
Episodic wheezing and cough
Recurrent dyspnea and chest tightness Excess sputum production Symptoms worse at night or in the early morning |
Asthma
|
|
|
Chronic airway inflammation
Recurring episodes Reversible airway obstruction w/ tx Increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness |
Asthma
|
|
|
persistent and productive airflow limitation
Chronic cough productive in morning dyspnea on exertion sputum production sx increase gradually and slowly rhonchi, decreased intensity of breath sounds and prolonged expriation |
COPD
|
|
|
sudden SOB often beginning during rest or sleep; sharp pain located in the chest/back on the affected side, can have tachycardia and the sound of air flowing through a puncture
|
Pneumothorax
|
|
|
What should always be thought of when someone presents with pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea?
|
Pneumothorax
|
|
|
can cause the trachea to shift away from the affected lung, occurs spontaneously from blebs
|
Tension pneumothorax
|
|
|
Progressive dyspnea, inspiratory crackles, clubbing and cyanosis presenting about 15 years after exposure
|
Asbestosis
|
|
|
Rhinorrhea, low grade fever, cough, wheeze
severe illness: tachypnea, dyspnea, hypoxia, cyanosis, apnea |
RSV/Bronchiolitis
|
|
|
What are the risk factors that could lead significant deterioration and necessary hospitalization in patients with RSV/Bronchiolitis?
|
-age<12weeks, <12months
-hx of prematurity -hx of underlying cardiopulmonary dz -hx of immunodeficiency -O2<92% room air -respiratory rate >70 or above NL for pt. age -severe retractions and/or accessory muscle use -N/V, unable to take fluids PO -Family care prospects seem suboptimal |
|
|
Usually asymptomatic, PFT unremarkable,
-in complicated cases, or progressive massive fibrosis, conglomeration and contraction can be present in the upper lung zones that resemble radiographic findings of complicated silicosis |
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
|
|
|
A rare condition characterized by the presence of necrobiotic rheumatic nodules in the periphery of the lung in coal workers with RA.
|
Caplan syndrome
|
|
|
Most cases are aymptomatic or mild with flu-like symptoms present for 1-4days.
Moderate illness presents like atypical pneumonia with fever, cough, and chest pain for 5-15days. |
Histoplasmosis
|
|
|
What are the four forms of Clinically evident histoplasmosis?
|
1) Acute histoplasmosis
2) progressive disseminated 3) subacute/chronic progressive pulmonary 4) chronic progressive disseminated |
|
|
what is the presenation of acute histoplasmosis?
|
-seen in epidemics when infected soil has been disturbed.
-sx include marked prostration, fever, and few pulmonary complaints even when x-ray shows diffuse pneumonia |
|
|
What is progressive disseminated and what population is affected?
|
-most often seen in the immunocompromised HIV patient
-fever, multi-organ involvement, dyspnea, cough, weight loss, prostration,ulcers on mucous membranes, enlarged liver and spleen |
|
|
What is the presentation of subacute/chronic progressive pulmonary and what population is affected?
|
-most often seen in elderly patients
-various lesions including apical cavities, infiltrates, and nodules are present on radiograph |
|
|
What is the presentation of chronic progressive disseminated histoplamosis and what population is affected?
|
-middle aged men with no known immunosuppresion
-presentation is similar to acute but with variation in chronicity -it can result in death if left untreated |
|
|
-Deranged chloride transport leads to :
thick, viscous secretions of the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine, and reproductive tract -increased salt content in sweat gland secretions |
Cystic Fibrosis
|
|
|
what are the pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis?
|
-thick secretions in the bronchi/bronchioles impair ciliary function and prevent the upward migration of mucous
- persistent productive cough - chronic bronchitis with or without brochiectasis - acute exacerbations with increased cough, tachypnea, dyspnea, increased sputum production, and weight loss -digital clubbing is often present |
|
|
What are some of the possible complications of cystic fibrosis?
|
-failure to thrive (often the presenting sign in many infants and children
-pancreatic insufficiency -biliary cirrhosis -portal HTN -Meconium ileus -sinus disease -reproductive abnormalities ( 95% of men infertile, 20% women) |
|
|
systemic HTN, excessive daytime somnolence, morning sluggishness and HA, cognitive impairment, recent weight gain, personality changes affecting judgement, bull neck is common, deviated septum w/ poor nasal airflow, oropharynx is narrowed by excessive soft tissue folds, large tonsils, pendulous uvula or prominent tongue
|
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
|
|
|
low cardiac output leading to weakness/fatigue
progressive right heart failure w/ edema and as cities peripheral cyanosis no evidence of left heart disease |
Pulmonary HTN
|
|
|
chronic productive cough w/ dyspnea and wheezing
copious, foul smelling, purulent sputum hemoptysis pleuritic CP weight loss, anemia and other systemic manifestations persistent crackles at lung bases clubbing in severe cases |
Bronchiectasis
|
|
|
pleuritic pain, or dull ache, cough, dyspnea, reduction in tactile fremitus, localized decreased breath sounds, or accentuated breath sounds and egophony
|
Pleural Effusion
-pleural fluid found in association with pleuritic chest pain is generally exudative |
|
|
What should be included in the differential if pt has Contralateral shift of the trachea and bulging of intercostal spaces?
|
massive pleural effusion with high intrapleural pressure
|
|
|
How does the influenza presentation compare in adults versus kids?
|
Adults: fever, cough, sore throat, HA, myaligias, poss nasal congestion
Kids: all the above PLUS vomiting, diarrhea |
|
|
What are the complications of influenza in adult?
|
- Bacterial Pneumonia (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenza)
- Otitis Media - Myocarditis - Pericarditis - Respiratory failure and death |
|
|
What are the complications of influenza in a child within the first 2 weeks after the initial infection?
|
- Pneumonia (invasive pneumococcal disease or MRSA)
- Bronchiolitis - Otitis Media - Dehydration |
|
|
High fever
Toxic Patient Pleurisy Purulent Sputum |
Legionnaires Disease
|
