Otm Iii Final

Front 1

what are symptoms that is associated with reduced NPC

Back 1

1. diplopia
2. skipping lines
3. poor reading comprehension

Front 2

what are the FOUR types of convergences

Back 2

1. tonic: physiological resting position (dist. finding)
2. proximal: arise from psychological awareness of obj
3. accommodative:
4. fusional: responds to keep obj of regard single

Front 3

findings of convergence insufficiencies

Back 3

1. orthophoria to low exophoria at distance
2. high exophoria at near
3. greater than morgans norm for near of 3PD XP
4. receded NPC
5. low BO ranges
6. low NRA

Front 4

findings of convergence excess

Back 4

1. orthophoria to low esophoria at distance
2. esophoria at near (high)
3. high lag
4. low BI range
5. low PRA
6. NPC normal

Front 5

when someone does not have enough accommodative reserves they exhibit characteristic symptoms...

Back 5

1. fatigues during near tasks
2. blurring of near vision
3. inability to read in dim light

Front 6

what are the FOUR types of accommodation

Back 6

1. blur driven
2. convergent
3. tonic
4. proximal

Front 7

what are the FIVE types of anomalies of accommodation

Back 7

1. fatigue of accommodation
2. failure of accommodation
3. accommodative inertia
4. paralysis of accommodation
5. accommodative excess

Front 8

fatigue of accommodation:
definition?
common in...?

Back 8

1. inability of ciliary muscle to maintain contraction while viewing a near obj, resultant decrease in accommodative response
2. more common in HYPEROPES (greater demand)
3. increased lag

Front 9

failure of accommodation:
definition?
sub-divisions?

Back 9

inability to produce or maintain an appropriate accommodative response

sub-division:
1. accommodative insufficiency
2. ill sustained accommodation

Front 10

Accommodative Inertia:
definition?

Back 10

1. problems changing their accommodation (~1sec)
2. work induced myopia
3. trouble relaxing accommodation after prolonged periods on near point work

Front 11

Paralysis of accommodation:
laterality?
what happens to pupil?

Back 11

1. Unilateral, bilateral, sudden onset
2. Pupil mydriasis
3. Paralysis is extreme insufficiency

Front 12

Accommodative Excess:
what happens?

Back 12

1. spasm
2. pseudomyopia
3. hyperaccommodation, high lead (greater than 40D)

Front 13

what is Hofstetter's Formulae

Back 13

MAX=25-0.4(age)
AVG=18.5-0.3(age)
MIN=15.5-0.25(age)

Front 14

accommodation in relation to distant targets?
near targets?

Back 14

1. For distant targets we tend to over-accommodate (LEAD)
2. For close near point objects the response is slightly less than the stimulus (LAG)

Front 15

in BCC, what is the situation when the patient reports seeing the HORIZONTAL lines as clearer

Back 15

the patient was initially under accommodating and therefore there is a LAG of accommodation

ADD PLUS!!

Front 16

in BCC, what is the situation when the patient reports seeing the VERITCAL lines as clearer

Back 16

The patient was initially over accommodating exhibiting a LEAD of accommodation

ADD MINUS!!

Front 17

for young actively accommodating patients what must you do before doing BCC...why

Back 17

1. introduce a +1.00D fogging lens before introducing the target
2. stabilizes the accommodative response, somewhat

Front 18

confrontation fields test...
amsler grid test...

Back 18

confrontation field:
1. test central 30 deg

amsler grid:
1. test 10 deg from either side of fixation

Front 19

amsler gris set up?

Back 19

1. 30cm test distance
2. bright illumination
3. wear BCVA

Front 20

amsler grid for absolute presbyopes

Back 20

1. at 28-30 cm need a +3.00 add
2. at 40cm need a +2.50 add

Front 21

ARMD is characterized by what symptoms

Back 21

1. drusen formation
2. RPE abnormalities
3. geographic atrophy of RPE and choriocapillaris
4. neovascular (exudates) maculopathy

Front 22

PHP uses what type of acuity? what is it used for?

Back 22

1. VERNIER ACUITY
2. detection/quantification of hyperacuity defects
3. detects progression of intermediate dry to early wet AMD

Front 23

what is a more significant factor in early diagnosis for ARMD

Back 23

LESION SIZE was a more significant factor affecting treatment benefit than either:
1. lesion composition
2. baseline visual acuity

Front 24

what are morgans norms for distance base-in limits

Back 24

blur: X
break: 5-9
recovery: 3-5

Front 25

what are morgans norms for distance base-out limits

Back 25

blur: 7-11
break: 15-23
recovery: 8-12

Front 26

what are morgans norms for near base-out limits

Back 26

blur: 14-20 or NO BLUR
break: 18-24
recovery: 7-15

Front 27

what are morgans norms for near base-in limits

Back 27

blur: 11-15 or NO BLUR
break: 19-25
recovery: 10-16

Front 28

in trial frame what goes inside the back well

Back 28

largest sphere power
reduce VD

Front 29

in trial frame what goes inside the front wells

Back 29

1. low power lens should go in front wells
2. cylinder should be place in the last well, closest to pt's eye (help w/ axis adjustment)