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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Establishment Clause
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Government can not favor one religion over another or favor religion over no religion.
Prohibits Congress from passing laws respecting the establishment of religion. |
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Free Exercise Clause
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Prohibits the government from interferring with the practice of religion or prohibiting the free exercise of religion.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Equal access to public facilities, no job discrimination
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Ended racial barriers to voting
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Reasonable Basis Test
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AGE, INCOME
Can be justified Examples: when you can drive, vote, drink, get drafted, etc. Laws are constitutional. |
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Strict Scrutiny Test
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RACE, ETHNICITY
Can NOT be justified. Laws are unconstitutional. |
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Intermediate Scrutiny Test
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GENDER
May be justified. Example: firefighters Some are constitutional, some are not. |
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De Jure Discriminaion
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Based on the LAW
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De Facto Discrimination
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Based on SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, and CULTURAL practices
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Civil Rights Movement
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Seeks equal rights
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Civil Liberties
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Focuses on personal/individual freedoms
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Civil Rights
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Focuses on groups and discrimination and equal opportunities
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Block Grant
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Does not have to specify what it will be spent on, but must be spent on a certain category of things.
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Cetagorical Grants
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Must specify beforehand what the money will be spent on.
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Revenue Sharing
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Does not exist anymore.
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Enumerated Powers
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Powers to NATIONAL government
-Provide for a common defense -Declare war -National currency -Regulate foreign commerce -Create a national court system -Postal system |
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Implied Powers
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Powers to NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
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Reserved Powers
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Powers to STATE government
-If the powers are not yet enumerated to the nation AND -If the powers are not prohibited from the state Examples: Education, traffic laws... are are up to the states. |
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Concurrent Powers
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Powers shared by the NATIONAL and STATE governments
-Taxes -Law enforcement -The power of government to condemn private property- you'll still get money for it (iminant domain). Take your property, pay your property, pay you, then give the land to buy things for the general public. |
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Prohibited Powers
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Both levels
-Granting titles of nobility -ex post facto laws -states coining their own money |
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Democracy
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People govern
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Oligarchy
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A few people control
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Autocracy
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One person controls
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What are the core values in American political culture?
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Liberty
Equality Self-government |
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Americans vs. Europeans:
-College-education population -Tax rates -Attitudes on success |
-College-eduaaction population: American % > European %
-Tax rates: American tax < European tax -Attitudes on success: Americans have limited access |
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Definition of political culture
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The characteristic and deep-seated beliefs of a particular people.
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Majoritarianism
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The idea that the majority prevails not only in elections, but also in policy determination.
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Pluralism
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A theory of American Ploitics that holds society's interests are substantially represented through the activities of groups.
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Elitism
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The view that the United States essentially is run by a tiny elite (compopsed of wealthy or well connected individuals) who control public policy through both direct and indirect means.
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Thomas Hobbes
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SOCIAL CONTRACT- A voluntary agreement by individuals to form government, which is then obliged to act within the confines of the agreement.
-Ordinary people surrender the freedom they would ahve in a state of nature for their protection of a soverign ruler can provide -Give up freedom to have one ruler, even if the ruler is bad. |
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John Locke
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Natural rights: Life, liberty, and property
-If government takes these away, you can create a new government. |
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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-Opposed absolute rule
-The only legitimate government is one that serves the general will (the people's common interest) -People are innocent and happy in their natural state |
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Articles of Confederation
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States should have more power vs. national government
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Shay's Rebellion
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People realized their government wasn't strong enough.
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Anti-federalists
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Didn't want the new constitution.
-Wanted the Bill of Rights so that the states would hold power instead of the national government. |
