Other Perception

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"the power of thin slicing"

Back 1

human beings are capable of making sense of situations based on the thinnest slice of experience

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Author: Malcolm Gladwell

Back 2

Book: Blink - The Power of Thinking Without Thinking

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The "ism's" working against Susan Boyle

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Weightism, ageism, classism

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Sam Gosling and meaningful artifacts

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Clothes, vehicle

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Personal space zones (Proxemics)

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intimate 45 cm (1.5 ft)
friend 1.2 m (4 ft)
audience 3.6 m (12 ft)

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What are the nonverbal effects?

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Facial expression
Gestures
Eye contact
Touch

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Six primary emotions - Paul Ekman

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Anger - Sadness
Fear - Surprise
Happiness - Disgust

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Gestures and cultural confusion

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gesture vary from culture

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Eye contact

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can mean different things in different cultures, in Japan students are directed to direct their gave at the teachers Adam's apple

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Touch

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causes arousal

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Spontaneous trait inference

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Jim Uleman
humans are accurate when gauging another's behavior or speech

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Don Carlston

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Spontaneous trait transference - whatever you say is associated with you

Front 13

What did the pet study show?

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Your pet is being with your character

Front 14

Special weight in person impression: Central traits (study)

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Solomon E. Asch - came up with 4,000 personality traits, certain traits are associates with other traits

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Special weight in person impression: The Big Five

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Openness, Extroversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Reliable, Dependable

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First Impressions

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Primacy effects: the order in which things and learned matters
Confirmation bias & study: Sticking-to-the-theory study
Confirmatory hypothesis testing & study
self-fulling prophecy

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The Negativity Bias

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When humans take in new information about a stranger more weight is give to negative information.

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Common biases in person perception

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Baby face
Halo effect
Expectancy effects
Priming effects (study)
False consensus effect (study)
Context effects (study)
Actor-observer bias
Blame the victim effect

Front 19

Baby face (bias)

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Characteristics include big eyes, softer features, rounder cheeks.
Human tend to believe these people are warm, kind, naive, trustworthy

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Halo effect

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One of the strongest common biases - your physical attractiveness is associated with positive traits

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Expectancy effect

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expecting a specific outcome could unconsciously affect outcomes

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Priming effects (study)

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The Donald Study - what other information is available that could contribute to a sky diver being spontaneous or reckless

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False consensus (study)

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Eat at Joe's Study, tendency to assume people agree with you and what you do

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Context effects

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meet me in a beautiful room versus and ugly one, you'll like me more in the beautiful one

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Actor-observer effect

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When I act and succeed, I'm great, but when I fail external forces are to blame. When I observe and you succeed, you had everything in place, but when you fail it because you suck.

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Blame-the-victim bias

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based on the actor-observer bias and a belief in a just world

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Detecting Deception

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Channels of communication
Speech
Facial expressions
Body nonverbal
Voice

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Are brain scans reliable to detect deception?

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No.

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Bio feed-back

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This is work based on more accurate tests

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Boosting accuracy of Person impression

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Person factors: mood and need for cognition
Processing factors: intentional, lack of distraction, personal relevance

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Kulechov effect

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a short film in which a shot of the expressionless face of Tsarist matinee idol Ivan Mosjoukine was alternated with various other shots (a plate of soup, a girl, a little girl's coffin). The film was shown to an audience who believed that the expression on Mosjoukine's face was different each time he appeared, depending on whether he was "looking at" the plate of soup, the girl, or the coffin, showing an expression of hunger, desire or grief respectively. Actually the footage of Mosjoukine was the same shot repeated over and over again. Vsevolod Pudovkin (who later claimed to have been the co-creator of the experiment) described in 1929 how the audience "raved about the acting... the heavy pensiveness of his mood over the forgotten soup, were touched and moved by the deep sorrow with which he looked on the dead child, and noted the lust with which he observed the woman. But we knew that in all three cases the face was exactly the same."

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Vallone, Ross & Lepper, 1985 (p 80)

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showed pro-Israeli and pro-Arab students six network news segments describing the 1982 killing of civilian refugees at wo camps in Beirut, Lebanon. Each group perceived the networks as hostile to its side.
Commonplace phenomenon

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Mae, Carlston & Skowronski, 1999 (p 82)

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reported a phenomenon they call spontaneous trait transference - people associate traits you describe of others with you

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Borkenau & Liebler, 1993 (p 89)

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participants watched someone walk into a room, sit, read a weather report, and walkout - based on this participates were able to accurately estimate the individuals IQ