Other Musical Genres, Concepts

Front 1

azan (adhan)

Back 1

-is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin
-dhan is called out from a minaret of a mosque five times a day (Sunni Islam)
-for many, is the principal source of measuring time and dividing the passage of the day

Front 2

qira'ah

Back 2

recitation of the Qur'an

Front 3

Zikr or Dikr

Back 3

Sufi spiritual ritual involving music, prayer, movement, chanting, trance

Front 4

Mevlevi Sema

Back 4

Sema or sama is a term that means remembering in Arabic and Persian. It is used to refer to some of the ceremonies used by various sufi orders and often involves prayer, song, dance, and other ritualistic activities.

Sema dancing is known to Europeans as the dance of the Whirling Dervishes, see "Sufi whirling", although many forms of sema do not include whirling.
-In the Mevlevi sufi tradition, sema represents a mystical journey of spiritual ascent through mind and love to "Perfect."

Front 5

'Ayin

Back 5

Mevlevi spiritual ritual involving music, prayer, movement, etc. similar to SEMA

Front 6

Mehter

Back 6

Mehter music today is thought of as a stirring example of Turkish heroism and reminiscant of Turkey's imperial past; they carry the rhythms and modes of ancient Turkish music to the present day, as well as European scales and instrumentation.

The costumes of Mehter bands vary widely in color and style, but are always very colourful. They often include high ribbed hats, flared at the top, and long robes, wrapped with colourful silks.
-Mehter Takımı (in Turkish), are considered to be the oldest type of military marching band in the world.

Front 7

Davul and Zorna

Back 7

In Turkey, the davul is most commonly played with the zurna, although it can be played with other instruments and in ensembles as well. It has also traditionally been used for communication and for Turkish mehter, or janissary music.
-The davul is the Turkish name for a type of two-sided frame drum found in the Middle East and Balkan Europe.