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183 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Took Christianity from Ireland to Scotland
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Columba
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Ireland monestary island
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Iona
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Took Christianity from Scotland to Northeran England
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Aiden
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Took Christianity from Scotland to Continent
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Coumban
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Ireland nickname
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“The Island of Saints and Scholars”
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Transmitter of wisdom of ancient world to medieval world
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Gregory I (The Great)
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Most important of Eastern theologians
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John of Damascus
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John of Damascus Hymns
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The Day of Ressurection
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Filioque Controversy: Eastern church says
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The Father is principle: begets Son/breaths Spirit
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Filioque Controversy: Western church says
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Father begets Son and BOTH breath Spirit
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Italian monk who became archbishop of Canterbury
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Anselm
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Like a bridge from the old to the new approach to theology
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Anselm
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Used an older devotional approach to theology but combined it with the new scholastic approach
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Anslm
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Wrote in the form of a prayer but used rationality and logic
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Anselm
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Cistercian monk who was major figure of Middle Ages
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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“Last of the Church Fathers”
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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“Uncrowned Emperor of Europe”
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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Seemed to have more influence than any king of pope of his time
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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Bernard of Clairvaux as Reformer
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Wrote “On Consideration”
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“Lordship is forbidden ministry is bidden”
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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“Doctor Mellifluous”
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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Pasce verbo pasce vita
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Feed with the Word and your life
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Feed with the Word and your life
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Pasce verbo pasce vita
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Bernard of Clairvaux as Preacher
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Pasce verbo pasce vita Doctor Melllifluous – Doctor whose words are like honey
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Bernard of Clairvaux as Mystic
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“On loving God”
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Bernard of Clairvaux as Theologian
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“On Grace and Free Choice”
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Work in which Bernard of Clairvaux showed himself a true Augustinian
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”On Grace and Free Choice”
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Greatest work on grace in the 900 years between Augustine and Bradwedine
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Bernard of Clairvaux “On Grace and Free Choice”
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Bernard of Clairvaux as Hymn Writer
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“Jesu Thou Joy of Loving Hearts” and “Jesus the Very Thought of Thee”
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“The Prince of Scholasticism”
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Thomas Aquinas
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Scholasticism culminated with
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Thomas Aquinas in 13th century
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Describe Summa Contra Gentiles
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Aquinas’ book on Apologetics: chiefly philosophical but also theological emphasis
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Describe Summa Theologiae
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Aquinas’ book on Theology: chiefly theological but also philosophical emphasis
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Faith and reason are independent but complementary
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Thomas Aquinas
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You understand some through faith and some through reason
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Thomas Aquinas
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Aquinas had an incomplete view of the fall
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According to Francis Schaeffer
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John Duns Scotus known as
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“The Subtile Doctor”
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“The Subtile Doctor”
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John Duns Scotus known as
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Proponant of Voluntarism
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John Duns Scotus
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The primary characteristic of God isn’t how He thinks but what He chooses to do
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Voluntarism – held by John Duns Scotus
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The Divine will takes precedence over the Divine intellect
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Voluntarism John Duns Scotus
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Critical of Aquinas’ philosophy in attempting to harmonize Aristotle with Christianity
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John Duns Scotus
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Argued that faith was a matter of will and could not be supported by logical proofs
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John Duns Scotus
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His ideas had the effect of pulling apart rationality and faith
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John Duns Scotus
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“Doctor Profundus”
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Thomas Bradwardine
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Archbishop of Canterbury in 1349
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Thomas Bradwardine
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Influenced Wycliffe
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Thomas Bradwardine
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Died of plague after being archbishop for only 40 days
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Thomas Bradwardine
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“On the Cause of God Against the Pelagians”
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Thomas Bradwardine
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Attacked Pelagianism and stressed God’s grace and irresistible will as the cause of events
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Thomas Bradwardine
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Paved the way for later development of the doctrine of predestination
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Thomas Bradwardine
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Helped begin the recovery of a full Augustinism
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Thomas Bradwardine
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Seven medieval Roman Catholic sacraments
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Baptism - Confirmation – Eucharist – Penance - Extreme Unction – Marriage - Ordination
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Dr Invincibilis
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William of Ockham
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William of Ockham
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Dr Invincibilis
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Investiture controversy was struggle between
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Papacy and Holy Roman Empire in late 11th early 12th
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Main opponants in Investiture controversy
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Gregory VII and Henry IV
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Scholasticism was
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The theology and philosophy taught in the medieval schools from the 11th to 14th centuries which tried to reconcile faith with reason and philosophy with revelation.
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Scholasticism tried to reconcile
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faith with reason and philosophy with revelation.
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Concerned with demonstrating the reasonableness of the faith and defending it against critics
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Scholasticism
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Used a dialectical method based on Aristotelian Logic
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Scholasticism
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During this period theology came to be known as the “Queen of Sciences”
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Period of Scholasticism
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Much of the work of Scholasticism was done
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Much of the work was done in the service of a church that had moved away from the authority of scripture
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Theology was center stage but abstract and moving away from the church – monastery – and people
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Scholasticism
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Emphasized love and virture over learning and knowledge
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Medieval mysticism
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Three main themes of medieval mystics
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Union with God – love for Christ – denial of self
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Mystics sought union with and absorption into God in a way that resembles
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Pantheism
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Positive aspect of Mysticism
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Concern for loving God and for quietness and humility
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Danger of mysticism
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Making faith too much of individual matter and tendency toward works righteousness
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Expressed itself as the revival of human learning and rebirth of classicism
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Medieval humanism
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Emphasised the essential goodness and greatness of the human nature
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Medieval humanism
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Was at times anti-institutional church
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Medieval humanism
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A benefit of Medieval humanism
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Revival of classical languages that benefited biblical studies
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Via antiqua
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The old wayof doing philosophy and theology – Thomas Acquinas and Duns Scotus
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Via moderna
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The new way way of doing philosophy and theology – William of Ockham
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Nominalism is
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A philosophical school of thought which says that universals are just names existing only in the human mind and are unnecessary.
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A famous nominalist
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William Ockham
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Ockham’s razor
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Things should be kept as simple as possible – less assumptions are better.
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Nominalists grant
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No universality to mental concepts outside the mind.
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Movement based around the writings of Thomas a Kempis and the Brothers of the Common Life.
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Modern Devotion
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Stressed meditation and the inner life
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Modern Devotion
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Attached little importance to ritual and external works
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Modern Devotion
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Dwongraded the highly speculative spirituality of the 13th and 14th centuries in favor of quiet meditation
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Modern Devotion
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Three Ages of Early Church History
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Jewish Christianity/ Christianity of Roman Empire/ Conversion of Pagan Northern Europe
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Sometimes called the first Protestants
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Waldensians
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Like a light shining in the darkness of the 12th century
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Waldensians
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Waldo was
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Wealthy merchant from Lyons
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Waldo began preaching
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c. 1170
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Waldensians ended up moving to
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Mountains between Italy and France
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Opposed Donation of Constantine
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Waldensians
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Albigensians called
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Cathari
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Cathari called
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Albigensians
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Albigansians were
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Heretical dualistic/gnostic movement in southern France in 12th/13th centuries
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Like Manichiesm
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Albigansians/Cathari
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Dualistic Gnostic heresy
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Albigansians/Cathari
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Heresy southern France
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Albigansians/Cathari
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14th century followers of Wycliffe
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Lollards
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Taught piety as requirement for priests
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Lollards
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Authority of scripture over authority of priests
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Lollards
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“Church of the saved” is community of faithful
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Lollards
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Taught form of predestination
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Lollards
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Advocated apostolic poverty
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Lollards
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Advocated taxation of church properties
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Lollards
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Denied transubstantiation in favor of consubstantiation
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Lollards
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Hussites were powerful group in
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Bohemia and Moravia
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Four Articles of Prague demanded
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Freedom of preaching – communion of both kinds for laity – limitation of church property holding – civil punishment for mortal sin
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Argued for real presence
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Radbertus
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Argued for spiritual presence
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Ratranmus
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Scholastic Theologian who wrote Four Books of Sentences
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Peter Lombard
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Collected references from many sources and tried to come up with an understanding of theology
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Peter Lombard
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Became standard theological text for the middle ages
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Four Books of the Sentences – Lombard
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True late medieval theologian
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William of Ockham
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Defended Christian Doctrine of Freedom and Omnipotence of God
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William of Ockham – Via Moderna
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God has absolute power and is unknowable
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William of Ockham – Via Moderna
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Salvation based on God’s covenant AND merit
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William of Ockham – Via Moderna
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Divorce between faith and reason
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William of Ockham – Via Moderna
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Franciscan nominalist
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William of Ockham
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Gregory VII was
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Hildebrand
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Believed Pope could give and take away empires
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Hildebrand
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Everyone owed him acknowledgement
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Hildebrand
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Credited with reform in the church – doing away with financial and moral corruption
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Hildebrand
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Fought against Henry IV about lay investiture
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Hildebrand
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First pope to impose his authority on church in general
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Leo IX 11th cent
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Excommunicated patriarch and eastern Christians in 1054
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Leo IX 11th cent
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Set out immediately after his election to realize his ideal as ecclesiastical ruler of the world with some political power
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Innocent III
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“Just as the moon...”
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Innocent III
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“Father of English History”
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Bede
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Missionary from Rome to Britton
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Bede
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Evangelized Anglo Saxon invaders
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Bede
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Ecclesiastical History of the English People
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Bede
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Theme of providence and predestination with RC emphasis on merit
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Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People
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Benedictine Monk/Scholar of 8th cent
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Alcuin of York
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Head of Charlamagne’s palace school at Aachen
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Alcuin of York
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Charlamagne’s palace school was at
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Aachen
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People from all over the continent came to be taught by him
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Alcuin of York
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Saw to it that classical and Christian patristic texts were copied using a standardized style of handwriting
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Alcuin of York
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Alcuin of York standardized style of handwriting called
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“Carolingian minuscule”
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Scholastic theologian of 11th/12th century who had love affair with his student Heloise
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Peter Abelard
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Heloise was niece of
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Canon of cathedral in Paris
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Said by doubting we question and by questioning we come to truth
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Peter Abelard
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Sic et Non
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Peter Abelard
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Dominican monk who came to Florence in 1482
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Savonarola
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Prior of San Marco
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Savonarola
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His Lenten sermons in the Duomo moved the whole city
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Savonarola
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Medici overthrown in
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1494
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Excommunicated by Pope Alexander VI in 1497
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Savonarola
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Hanged and burned in Florence
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Savonarola
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Patrick was
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English or Scotish
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Patrick grew up
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In 5th century – a Romanized Briton
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Missionary to Britton sent by Gregory the Great to evangelize the Angles and the Saxons
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Augustine of Canterbury
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Established center at Canterbury
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Augustine of Canterbury
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Conflict with older Roman Church in Briton over things like the date of Easter and the shape of monks haircuts
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Augustine of Canterbury
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Solved at Synod of Whitby
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Conflict with older Roman Church in Briton over things like the date of Easter and the shape of monks haircuts
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British missionary to the Frisians
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Willibrord
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Frisia was
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Today’s Belgium/Holland
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British missionary to Germany
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Boniface
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“The Apostle To Germany”
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Boniface
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Cut down oak tree to demonstrate God’s superiority over Thor
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Boniface
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Missionaries from Constantinople sent to preach in Moravia
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Cyril and Methodius
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Moravia is present day
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Austria
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Produced alphabet and translated bible into
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Slovanik
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Cyril and Methodius translated bible into
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Slovanik
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Born in Spain on Island of Majorca
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Raymond Lull
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Greatest missionary of 13th cent.
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Raymond Lull
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Learned Arabic
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Raymond Lull
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Morning Star of the Reformation
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John Wycliffe
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The Jewel of Oxford
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John Wycliffe
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Name 14th cent mystics
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Walter Hilton
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Name 15th cent mystic
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Thomas a Kempis
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Name 13th/14th cent mystic
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Johannes “Meister” Eckhart
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Name 14th/15th cent mystic
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Julian of Norwich
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Great missionaries of the counter reformation
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Jesuits
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Sent missionaries to East Asia America and Protestant N Europe in 16th cent
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Jesuits
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Greatest missionary of 13th cent.
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Raymond Lull
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Learned Arabic
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Raymond Lull
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Morning Star of the Reformation
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John Wycliffe
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The Jewel of Oxford
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John Wycliffe
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Name 14th cent mystics
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Walter Hilton
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Name 15th cent mystic
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Thomas a Kempis
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Name 13th/14th cent mystic
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Johannes “Meister” Eckhart
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Name 14th/15th cent mystic
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Julian of Norwich
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Great missionaries of the counter reformation
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Jesuits
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Sent missionaries to East Asia America and Protestant N Europe in 16th cent
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Jesuits
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