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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Other fungal infections are diseases caused by
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ubiquitous saprophytes: Aspergillosis, Zygomycosis
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Other fungal infections can cause
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severe disseminated disease
underlying health problems/immunocompromised |
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Other fungal infections are NOT classified as
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systemic fungi
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Aspergillosis has how many species?
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900 +
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Other fungal infection reservoir is
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Soil, Feed, Vegetation, Air Water
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Other fungal infection transmission:
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inhalation/ingestion
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Aspergillosis is a ??? disease
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2nd most common fungal disease requiring hospitalization for humans
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Aspergillosis animal disease in birds
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Brooder pneumonia: high morbidity, mortality
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Aspergillosis in horses:
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gutteral pouch mycosis, abortion, enteritis, keratitis
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Aspergillosis in Ruminatns
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Abortion, gastritis in young calves
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Aspergillosis in dogs
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nasal aspergillosis, sytemic rare (GSD)
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Zygomycosis species
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Mucor, Rhizopus, Rizomucor, absidia
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Zygomycosis entomophrhoales
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Conidiobolus Basidiobolus
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Zygomycosis reservoir
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Soil, hay, grain, animal manure, air
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Zygomyosis transmission
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inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous, implantation
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Zygomycosis disease occurs in what animals
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Poultry, cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, mink, ferrets, rabbits, many other species
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Zygomycosis disease manifestations
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mycotic abortion
abomasal ulcers cutaneous GI pulmonary disseminated |
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Human zygomycosis
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underlying disease or immunocompromise, case fatality rate is high, increasing trend in immunocompetent people
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Zygomycosis Disease manifestations
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Angioinvasion, cutaneous, rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, disseminated
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Fungal like agents are
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oomycetes
rhinosporidium seeberi Protetheca Pneumocystis megabcterium |
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Pythium spp
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important plant pathogens
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Pythium is also called
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aquatic fungi - not true fungi more like algae
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The only animal pathogenic Pythium spp is
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P. insidiosum
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P. insidiosum is common in
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gulf coast states
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P. insidiosum is/is not zoonotic
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Is not zoonotic
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Pythiosis synonyms
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Bausette, leeches, swamp cancer, Hyphomycosis, Phycomycosis.
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Pythium insidiosum most commonly infects what species
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horses
dogs fairly common occassionally cats, calves, humans, some exotic species. |
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Pythium insidiosum disease forms
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cutaneous, D, H
subcutaneous, H Gastrointestinal D, H Systemic D, 1X |
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Pythium insidiosum infects dogs
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young 1 - 3 yrs, male large breed Labs
often hx of exposure to warm freshwater |
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Pythium insidiosum lesions
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cutaneous subcutanoues pyogranulomatous, eosinophilic inflammation, distal extremities, ventral abdomen, blled easily, pruritic, self-mutilation
GI intestinal narrowing, obstruction |
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Pythium insidiosum diagnosis via
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histopathology
immunohistochemistry culture serology molecular detection |
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Equine pythiosis causes
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infected tissue to appear as "kunkers"
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Prototheca spp. general characteristics
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Unicellular achlorophyllous algae
world wide distribution life cycle similar to green algae |
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Prototheca species that are pathogenic in animals
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P. wickerhamii
P. zopfii |
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Prototheca infects what animals
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dogs, cats, cattle, deer, beaver, fruit bats, others.
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Prototheca disease forms
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cutaneous, subcutaneous, sytemic, mastitis
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Prototheca spp. is transmitted via
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traumatic implantation - cutaneous, or SQ tissues
ingestion - GI involvement, leading to systemic infections |
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Prototheca pathogenesis
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algal cells in form of sproangia contained within macrophages, spread to regional lymph nodes by macrophages
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Prototheca infections in dogs
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usually disseminated
may being as GI disease LN, liver, GI tract, heart, kidney, eyes, CNS |
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Prototheca infection treatment
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disseminated - unsuccessful
cutaneous - surgical excision |
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Prototheca infection more likely in
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female collies in the SE US
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Pythium is/is not zoonotic
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is not
Human infections are rare, farmers in thailand, ocular subcutaneous areterial cardiopulmonary |
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Pythium TX
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surgical excsion poor response to antifungal drugs
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Lagenidium is very similar to
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Pythium
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L. giganteum is a pathogen of
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mosquito larvae, approved by EPA
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L. giganteum is described as pathogen in _____ with what 2 species
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dogs
L. caninum L. karlinigii |
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It is important to differentiate Pythium fro Lagenidium because
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different clinical presentations and prognosis.
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L. caninum is uniformly
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fatal, multifocal, systemic, always have occult internal lesions
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L. karlingii
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chronic, non progressive cutaneous/SQ lesions only
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L. caninum lesions cause
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vascular rupture and massive hemorrhage
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Prototheca infections in cattle cause
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chronic mastitis
can be disseminated individual or herd infection via ascending route |
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Prototheca infections TX
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cull infected animals
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Public health significance
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Human infections rare, immunocompromised
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3 human clinical manifestations of prototheca
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cutaneous, Olecranon bursitits, disseminated or systemic
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Rhinosporidium seeberi was originally classified as
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protozoan and fungus
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Rhinosporidium seeberi is now classified as
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aquatic protozoal parasite of amphibians and fish
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Rhinosporidium seeberi infects these animals
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dogs, cats, cattle, horses, mules, pigs, waterfowl, humans
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Rhinosporidium seeberi disease forms
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affects mucus membranes, nasla mucosa, polyp formation
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Rhinosporidium is distributed
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worldwide, but endemic foci is South America, Africa, India, Cuba, Iran
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Rhinosporidium seeberi life cycle
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Not completely known
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Rhinosporidium transmission is via
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water or air
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Rhinosporidium transmission mechanism
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spherules release endospores, endospores implant in host tissue, trauma may predispose to implantation
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Rhinosporidium seeberi diagnosis via
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histopathology
can't be cultured |
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Pneumocytstis was first described in
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1909 as trypanosome
later classified as protozoan now considered yeast-like fungus |
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Pneumocystis ssp
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Pneumocystis carnii - now only animals isolates
Pneumocystis jiroveci - human isolates |
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Pneumocystis zoonosis
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No animal to human transmission
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Pneumocystis causes
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severe pneumonia
immunocompromised: AIDs patients |
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Pneumocystis has what 2 stages
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Trophozoite and cyst stages
Life cycle unknown |
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Pneumocystis has a normal habitat of
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mammalian lung
large % of normal animals and chldren show evidence of infection |
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PCP is
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pheumocystis pneumonia
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Pneumocystis infects horses how
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Most commone domestic species infects
Arabian SCID foals Foals with Rhodococcus equi |
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Pneumocystis infects
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other animal species: rodents, rabbits, ferrets, mink, dogs, cats, non-human primates, goats, piglets
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Megabacteriosis
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originally throught to be fungus described as large gram positive bacterium
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Megabacteriosis molecularly is
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ascomycetous yeast
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Megabacteriosis is important disease of
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birds: budgies, cockatiels, finches
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Megabacteriosis causes
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fatal, chronic weight loss in exhibition budgies
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Megabacteriosis is transmitted via
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Fecal-oral route
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Megabacteriosis infects what mammals
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Cat poodle mice
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Megabacteriosis clinical signs
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Non-specific chronic
progressive weight loss over 12 -18 months |
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Megabacteriosis acute form in
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budgies only - death in 12 - 18 hours
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Megabacteriosis diagnosis is via
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cytology, necropsy, histopathology, culture very difficult
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