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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is fucose?
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a. Fucose is a deoxy monosaccharide derivative that we form from deoxymannose
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what two systems must have fucose?
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c. Fucose in critical to the notch system as well as the selectin system.
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What 3 mushrooms contain fucose?
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d. Reishi, Maitake and Shiitake mushrooms contain fucose
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True or False: Galactose is synthesized by an epimerase
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True
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True or False: Human milk has more lactose than any other mamal.
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True
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What is most abundant protein in milk
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Alpha-lactalbumin
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3. Why does human milk contain more different kinds of oligosaccharides and much higher amounts of these oligosaccharides than the milk of other mammals?
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a. Indigestible oligosaccharides are thought to feed intestinal bacteria.
b. 2’Fucosyllactose is most abundant (bacteria free fucose) c. Decoy receptor for toxins and pathogens |
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What is sialic acid
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Amino sugar
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What purpose does sialic acid serve in the body?
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c. Sialic acid Encompasses a large family of cell surface carbohydrates
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5. What pathway is used to form amino sugars and where does the nitrogen group come from?
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a. Hexosamine pathway
b. Glutamine |
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6. What is glucuronic acid, how do we form it and why is it important?
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a. Glucuronic acid is a sugar acid monosaccharide derivative
b. We use it for detoxification and glycosaminoglycan formation c. Whe use UDP-glucose to synthesize UDP-glucuronic acid |
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What does the pentose phosphate pathway form?
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1. Ribose
2. NADPH 3. ATP |
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Regulatin of pentose phosphate pathway
Do it! |
i. Substrate availability= NADP+ low
ii. Feedback by NADPH iii. Increased synthesis of enzyme induced by insulin |
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What is rate limiting enzyme of pentose pathway?
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glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
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8. Why does a gene defect in the gene that codes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cause hemolytic anemia?
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a. Increased oxidative stress due to lack of NADPH to reduce glutathione
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9. How many people have a gene defect in Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase
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a. Very common because of protection from malaria.
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10. What precipitates a hemolytic episode in patients with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and how is this disease treated
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a. Drug induced, infection induced, Favism (from fava beans)
b. Supportive treatment for acute cases, remove oxidants, prevent by avoiding oxidants |
