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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
EXCESSIVE , IMPACTED CERUMEN (EAR WAX) -------> earwax softening agents
1. Carbamie peroxide 6.5% in anhydrous glycerin: ONLY FDA approve agent for cerumen removal.
2. Olive oil: solften earwax and alleviate itching
3. Mineral oil:
4. docusate sodium
5. Hydrogen peroxide
6. Ear candles
VERTIGO
Cause: bestiblar compartent of the inner ear
TINNITUS
NO APPROVED TREATMENT BY FDA
Cause: Meniere disease, head injuries, otitis media, syphilis, medications (NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, loop iuretics, and chemotherapeutic agents)
EXTERNAL OTITIS
inflmmation of the external auditory canal/ SWIMMER'S EAR/ Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus.
Treatment of External Otitis
1. Ear wick
2. Topical antibiotic:
****neomycin-polymyxin B-hydrocortisone used to be the most commonly prescribed topical antibiotic
****ciprofloxacin 0.3%/dexamethasone 0.1% otic suspension for otitis externa is safe and effective and that dexamethasone improves treatment success.
****ofloxacin is safe in cases of a perforated tympanic membrane.
topical antifungal such as 1% clotrimazole
3. Analgesics (Tylenol3, NSAIDs), antipruritics, and antihistamines may be indicated.
DENTAL CARIES: bacteria, which sugar is better, otc product
Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillaceae
Fructose and lactose are less cariogenic than sucrose
Noncariogenic sugar: xylitol, sorbitol, aspartame
OTC: lidocaine, benzocaine (Anbesol, Orajel), or an analgesi (ASA, APAP)
PLAQUE AND CALCULUS?
Plaque" sticky substance by bacteria/thin, adheres to the enamel within minutes after cleaning a tooth
Calculus (or tartar); substance when plaque is not remove within 24 hours
OTC for Plaque and Calculus
Antiplaque; Triclosan
Anticalculous dentifrices: zinc chloride, zinc citrate, and 33% pyrophosphate
Mouthwash: cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine,
Periodontal disease
Doxycycline hyclate 20 mg capsule
Doxycycline hyclate 10%
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (trench mouth)
*local debridement
*penicillin VK or metronidazole
*APAP, 1.5% of mouth wash
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Artificial salive
Canker sores recurrent aphthous ulcers or recurrent aphthous stomatitis): usually in AIDS patients
1. Protectants: Orabase, denture adhesives, benzoin tincture.
2. Local anesthetics
3. AMLEXANOX (Aphthasol); approved by FDA for canker sores: QID, after meals an at bedtime
local anesthetic
Benzocain
Butacain
Benzyl alcohol
Dyclonine
Hexylresorcinol
Menthol
Phenol
Amlexanox use?
QID, after meals and at bedtime
Use at soon as they notice symptoms and to continue until the ulcer is healed, approximately 10 days
Gelclair use?
relief of oral pain by acting as a protective adherent barrier over the surface of the mouth and throat.
(so expensive)
OTC local anesthetic for oral use (brand)
Anbesol, Blistex, CamphorPhenique, Oragel, Zilactin-B (-L), Benzodent, Renbrandt Canker Pain Relief
se of menthol, phenol, camphor, eugenol
irritate tissue , so be discouraged
Cold sores, fever blisters (herpes simplex labialis)
virus HSV-1 (transmitted by direct contact): burning, itching, numbness, red papules of fluid
Treatment of Cold sore-OTC
Docosanol 10% cream (Abreva): prevents infection from entering helthy cells, approved by FDA; five times a day until healed
Viractin gel (2% tetracain), relief pain and itching assosiated with cold sore!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CONTRAINDICATE: CAMPHOR, MENTHOL, PHENOL, SILVER NITRATE, HYDROCORTISONE
Can we use Orabase for cold sore?
yes
other OTC agents for cold sore?
sunscreen
local anesthetics
softening compound
bacitracin or neosporin aointments: for secondary infection
essential amino acid L-lysine
Cold sore-Rx;
Valacyclovir: (Valtrex); treatment of herpes labialis
Acylclovir cream 5% (Zovirax): over 12 years old, 5 times a day for 4 days
Penciclovir cream 1% (Denavir) over 12 years old, every 2 hour for 4 days
Artificial tear
stimulating tear production and decreasing tear evaporation, initial doing is bid to qid, or may be hourly
Lubricating ointment for eye
Petrolatum, Mineral oil, Lanolin: increase contact time with eye for other drug
Vasoconstrictors (decongestant)
reduce eye redness
naphazoline, phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline
SE: REBOUND EFFECT (CONGESTION) I, AVOIDED IN PATIENTS WITH NARROW ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Antihistamine for eye (OTC)
Only 2: pheniramine and antazoline but only in combination with naphazoline
Astringents decrease ocular inflammation
Only 1 by FDA: zinc sulfate
Dry eye treatment
artificial tears during day and ointment at night
Conjunctivitis
Vasoconstrictor
Antihistamine
Corneal edema (halos or star bursts)
Muro solution or oiltment
Carbamide peroxide 6.5 % in anhydrous glycerin
---is the only agent approved by FDA for impacted cerumen
-foaming reaction soften
-Murine, Debrox, Dent's Ear wax
-12 years or older
5 and 10 drops each ear for several minutes, BID, up to 4 days
Water-clogged ear treatment
The only agents is isopropyl alcohol 95% in anhydrous glycerin, 12 years and older. It is ear drying agent.
Corneal edema (halos or star bursts)
Hyperosmotic agent: Muro solution or ointment, to draw the fluid away from the cornea
Agent aplproved by FDA against painful sensitivity of the teeth caused by cold heat, acids, sweets or contact
5% potassium nitrate KNO3