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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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For OTC seal?
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Proper Ingredients and amounts
Effective Drug Delivery Absence of harmful contaminants Safe, sanitary well controlled manufacturing |
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Vitamin A function and deficiency
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Vision, Bones, Immune System, Cell Division
Blindness, Bone and Immune Function |
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Vitamin D function and deficiency
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Calcium balance, bone structure
Rickets, ostepenia, fractures |
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Vitamin E function and deficiency
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Antioxidant, protects cell membranes
Neurologic defects, hemolytic anemia |
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Vitamin B1 Name, Function, Deficiency
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Thiamine
Cofactor for metabolism Encephalopathy, Peripheral Neuropathy |
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Vitamin B2 Name, Function, Deficiency
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Riboflavin
Mitochondrial and respiratory function Nonspecific -Rare |
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Vitamin B3 Name, Function, Deficiency
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Niacin
Cofactor for NADP reactions pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia) -Rare |
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Vitamin B5 Name, Function, Deficiency
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Pantothenic Acid
CoA Burning Feet Syndrome |
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Vitamin B6 Name, Function, Deficiency
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Pyridoxine
Formation of proteins, AA, NT mouth/tongue swelling, confusion, depression |
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Vitamin B12 Name, Function, Deficiency
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Cyanocobalamin
RBC and DNA synthesis cofactor, Neurologic Function Anemia, parathesia, Numbness, Impaired memory |
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Folic Acid Function, Deficiency
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Cell Division
Anemia |
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Vitamin C Name, Function, Deficiency
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Ascorbic Acid
Antioxidant Scurvy, joint swelling |
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Vitamins for Infant/Children
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A for premature or in developing Countries
MVT for picky eaters |
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Vitamins for Pregnancy
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Folic Acid, D, Calcium
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Vitamins for Elderly
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B12, D
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Vitamins for Alcoholics
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Thiamine, Folic Acid, B6, C
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Vitamins for poor GI absorbers
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Niacin, Thiamine, B12, Folic Acid, B6
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Vitamins for Cystic Fibrosis
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ADEK
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Vitamins for Metformin
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B12
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Vitamins for Corticosteroids
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Calcium and D
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Vit C effect on colds
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Slight reduction in duration of cold if taken regularly, no reduction in frequency
No efficacy in treating acutely |
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Zinc effect on colds
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Acutely reduces cold duration by 1 day if taken within 24 hours of symptoms
No effect on severity |
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Vitamin D effects on bones
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Only effects on fall risk
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Toxic Vitamins
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A: Acute, Chronic, Teratogenic
E: Drug/Vitamin Intx Iron: Acute, Chronic, lethal |
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Exclusions to Wound Self Care
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Deep puncture wounds
Animal Bites Wounds that may require stitches Wounds that have foreign material after cleansing Inability to move structures below wound Infected Wounds |
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Max duration for antibiotic ointment for wound care
How often? |
5 days
1-3 times/day |
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Types of Tape
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Plastic sticks well, lots of allergic reactions
Paper does not stick well, good for delicate skin Fabric stuck very well. May want to avoid around wound. Waterproof adheres well. Most allergic reactions |
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Stitches care
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Wash in 1-3 days
If clear, yellowish fluid emitted, cover Elevate for a few days if possible Apply antibiotic ointment (use sunscreen for 6 months) |
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Important strains for AAD
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lactobacillus GG
Saccharomyces Boulardii MUST have at least 10 million live cultures per day |
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Possible Yeast Vaginitis MoA
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Natural Transfer
Biosurfactants Bind Pathogens |
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Which Probiotic can be stored at room temp?
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Align GI
(Not enough lactobacillus) |
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Training Recovery Nutrition Plan
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30-100 grams carb-rich food
10-20 grams protein 20-24 ounces water/sports drink for each pound lost during workout Sodium to help body absorb water |
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When to refer warts
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Juvenile
Flat Venereal |
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Time to benefit for Warts treatment
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4-12 weeks
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Therapy for Warts
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Salicylic Acid
Cryoptherapy Duct Tape |
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Salicylic Acid for Warts
MoA When to avoid using |
Decreases keratinocyte adhesin, hydrates keratin
May be better for hands than feet Avoid if infected/reddened skin -Wart with hair growing -Genital, facial, mucous membrane warts -Diabetes or circulatory disorder |
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Salicylic Acid in Collodion
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Wash and dry affected area
Apply twice daily Apply one drop at a time until lesion covered Wash off healthy skin immediately MAX = 12 weeks |
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Salicylic Acid Plaster/Pads
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Wash and Dry affected area
Apply and remove every 48 hours As needed up to 12 weeks |
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Salicylic Acid in Karaya Gum-Glycol
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Wash and Dry affected area
Apply plaster at bedtime Leave on for at least 8 hours Remove in AM Repeat daily As needed for up to 12 weeks |
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Cryotherapy
MoA Cautions AE |
Irritation and destruction of tissue to stimulate host response against virus
Burning, stinging, blistering, skin color change Avoid thin skin areas. Treat only one side of finger or toe at a time Treat only one wart at a time (2 weeks between same digit) Only one treatment usually necessary |
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Duct Tape
MoA Use |
Irritates tissue to stimulate immune response
Leave duct tape on lesion for 6 days. Remove, soak in water and debride with pumice stone No tape night of removal, reapply next morning. Continue max of 2 months |
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Artificial Tears
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Dextran causes stinging
Cellulose Ethers - Dry Crusts on Eyelids PVA: Lower viscosity |
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First line for allergic conjunctivitis
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Artificial Tears
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What causes blurred vision
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Ocular Emollients
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Ocular Emollients
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White petrolatum
Mineral Oil Lanolin |
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Ocular Decongestants
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1-2 drops qid
6 years or older Naphazoline also reduces tearing and pain Tetrahydrazoline causes stinging. -dosed every 4 hours Avoid in Heart Disease, Diabetes, BPH, Glaucoma Interact with psychotropic drugs |
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Ocular Antihistamines
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1-2 drops tid-qid
Ketotifen 1 drop bid. NOT in contact lens users |
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72 hour warning
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Vasoconstrictors, Emollients, Demulcents, Astringents
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Carbamide Peroxide
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10-15% in anhydrous glycerin
Apply drops for 1 minute For EAR do not use under 12 years 5-10 drops in each ear x 15 minutes max of 4 days. |
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Hydrogen Peroxide Strength, Formulation, use
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3% Mixed 1:1 with water and swished and spit for 1 minute
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Sodium Perborate Monohydrated Powder
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Dissolve in 1 oz water and use right away
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Herpes Simplex Treatment
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Docosanol in prodrome 5 times daily
Do NOT use topical corticosteroids or astringents |
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Water-Clogged Ear Treatment
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Alcohol in Glycerin
5% acetic acid 1:1 with isopropyl Both 5-10 drops in each ear x15 minutes. Max of 4 days. |
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Minoxidil
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1 ml in affected area bid
Stop if Chest pain, tachy, dizziness, sudden weight gain, Edema. Avoid in pregnancy |
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DEET dosing
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6 months - 2 years: 10% once daily
2 years - 12 years: 10% twice daily |
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Picaridin
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8-10 hours
2 months or older |
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Acne Exclusions for Self Treartment
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No improvement after 6 weeks
Grades 2-4 Acne Possible Rosacea |
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Acne Treatments
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Benzoyl Peroxide
Salicylic Acid Sulfur |
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Benzoyl Peroxide
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Acne
Increase strength weekly Gradually increase contact time by 15 minutes |
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Salicylic Acid
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Acne, Dandruff, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Psoriasis
Keratolytic 1-3 times daily for dandruff 7-10 days for effect Soak lesions in warm water 10-20 minutes before applying |
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Sulfur
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Acne, Dandruff
Keratolytic, Comedolytic Thin film 1-3 times/day 2-5% |
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What form to use for Acne
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Solution/Washes for large areas
Lotions/Creams for dry, sensitive, fair skin. Gels are great |
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When to refer Psoriasis
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Lesions covering >10% of body
<2 years old Not responding to OTC treatment after 7 days |
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What to use for different locations of psoriasis
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Scalp: Coal Tar/Salicylic Acid Shampoos
Armpits/Genitals: Hydrocortisone Limbs/Body: Coal Tar/Hydrocortisone |
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Cytostatics
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Pyrithione Zinc
Selenium Sulfide Coal Tar |
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Pyrithione Zinc
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Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis
0.3% and above to wash off quickly. Nonspecific for epidermal cells |
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Selenium Sulfide
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Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis
Specific for epidermal cells 1%. Better to leave on for logner |
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Coal tar
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For everything
use overnight, bathe in AM Photosensitization Known human carcinogens |
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Urea
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Dandruff, Seborrheic Dermatitis
10-20% Keratolytic and Moisturizer Skin irratation/Burning |
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Ketoconazole
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Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis
2-4 weeks for effect |
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When to refer burns
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>2% body area
Chemical, Electrical, Inhalation Elderly Other medical conditions Immunocompromised |
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Burns Treatment
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Topical Anesthetics no more than 3-4 times daily
Duration is 15-45 minutes NOT hydrocortisone |
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Poison Ivy Treatment
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Hydrocortisone 3-4 times daily for up to 7 days
Topical Anesthetics 3-4 times daily Astringents several times a day DONT use antihistamines |
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Poison Ivy referral
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Symptoms get worse
Rash Spreads Rash covers large area of face Signs of infection |
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What to avoid with diaper rash
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Antifungals
Corticosteroids Boric Acid Baking Soda External Analgesics |
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Diaper Rash Referral
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No improvement after 7 days
Fever, N/V/D Pain on urination/defecation |
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Beers List of innapropriate OTCs
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Aspirin > 325/day
Chlorpheniramine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Ibuprofen Mineral Oil Naproxen Pseudoephedrine |
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Which cold and cough to treat in elderly and how
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Sore Throat with Oral analgesics or topical anesthetics
NasalCongestion with topical decongestant, netty pot Sinus Congestion with Pseudoephedrine Coughing with dextro or honey Myalgia with APAP |
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What GI drugs to start at half dose in elderly
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Senna and Loperamide
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Age cutoff for ped cold meds
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4 years
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Length of use for ped cold decongestants
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3-5 days
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