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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define acid
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sour
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define antacid
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a substance which neutralizes acid
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dyspepsia
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impaired or difficult digestion
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gastritis
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irritation of the stomach
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duodenal ulcer
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an ulceration of first section of small intestine
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GERD
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u should know this by now
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parietal cells secretes _____ and _______ which is resposonible for ___________ absorption
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HCL
Intrinsic Factor Vitamin B12 |
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Chief cell secretes _______
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pepsinogen
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G-cells secrete what and where?
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gastrin
in the antrum |
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Pareital cell has receptors for
1? 2? 3? 4? |
Histamine
Acetylcholine Gastrin Prostaglandin |
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_______ cell serves as the pharm. target to inhibit acid sectrion
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parietal cell
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______ stimulates the parietal cell directly by binding its receptor
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gastrin
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stimulants of gastrin release?
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protein in food
vagal stim. Ca++ mech. distention (strech recp.) nyhing that increases gastrix pH |
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Peak time for acid secretion?
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late in day to midnight
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dose H2 when?
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after or before dinner
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aggressive forces
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acid and pepsin
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there is a balance between ____ and _____ forces
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aggressive
defensive |
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acid sectr.increased by?
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milk
beer coffee cola (caff and decaff) |
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NSAIDS cause these kinds of damage
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direct damage
delayed by inhibiting prostaglandins |
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Tx of acid-peptic disorders
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Neutralize exiting acid using antacid
Reduce secretion of acid Cytoprotection |
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cytoprotection ex
OTC Rx |
rx-Misoprostol
otc- Bismuth(Pepto) |
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Antacids can not maintain ___________
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gastric pH over 4 to 5
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Primary ingred. of antacids?
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compounds taht react with gastric acid to form a salt and water
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potency of antacids
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Na>=Ca>Mg>Al
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Sodium Bicarb
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Highly POTENT
highly soluble creates GAS can alter SYSTEM PH!! ACCUMULATES in renally impared watch for sodium OVERLOAD |
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Milk-alkali syndrome
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high intake of Ca and Sodium Bicarb
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Watch for hidden problems while taking Soidum bicarb
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reabsorp. of Lithium can be blocked by all the sodium
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Alka-seltzer Blue: Orginal
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each tab
325 mg of Aspirin and 1916mg of sodium bicarb and citric acid |
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Alka seltzer Gold
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sodium bicarb
NO Aspirin |
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Calcium Carb.
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potent
some absoprtion but nonsystemic antacid acid rebound S.E.-constipation |
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Calcium Carb Products
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Tums
TiraLAC(milk) Maalox Advanced tablets Childrens Pepto(not pepto bismol) |
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Magnesium
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No CO2!!!
potent, short acting risk of toxicity in impared renal fuct. pts can cause severe cardiac depr. S.E.-diarrhea conv to soluble but poorly absorbed in small intestine |
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Phillips Milk of Mg
laxative dosing |
laxative-
12 and up-2 to 4 TABLEspoons with 8oz of H2O 6-11- half the dose followed by full 8oz of water |
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Phillips Milk of Mg
antacid dosing |
12 and up- 1 to 3 TEAspoons with a lil water, up to QID
tablets-2 to 4 with a lil water, up to QID |
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Aluminum
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NO CO2!!
low neutralzing capacity binds phosphate in guy if severe hypophosphatemia - osteomalacia, osteoporosis and fractures |
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Aluminum maybe involved in______
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cytoprotection
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Aluminum S.E.
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Constipation
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AlternaGEL dose
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600 mg/5ml
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Amphogel dose
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320 mg/ 5ml
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Maalox Advanced antacid & Antigas Liquid Reg. Strength
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Al-Mg-Simthicone
200-200-20 |
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Maalox Advanced Max Strength Antacid and Antigas Liquid
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Al-Mg-Sim
400-400-40 |
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Mylanta Liquid Reg
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Al-Mg-Sim
200-200-20 |
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Mylanta Max strength
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Al-Mg-Sim
400-400-40 |
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Mylanta Ultimate Strength
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Al-Mg
500-500 |
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Magaldrate(Riopan Plus)
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Al-Mg hydroxides thats converted to AL and Mg ions
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a defoaming agent
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Simethicone
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Simethicone works by....
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reducing surface tenstion
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Simethicone as only agent
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Gas-X
Mylanta Gas Phazyme Simethicone gen Mylicon infant liquid |
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Gaviscon
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Al-Mg combine to treat GERD by "rafting effect"
-not indicated for acid-peptic dieases-not great neutralzer |
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Gaviscon tablets and susp must be taken with...
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a full glass of water
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whats in Rolaids
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Cal Carb and Mg Hydrox
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Gripe Water
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antacid
fructose, Sodium Bicarb |
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Tx of peptic ulcer...
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Mylanta, Maalox (no Na bicarb or Ca)
2 TABLspoons 1 and 3 hrs after meals & at bedtime or 7 doses per day |
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Antacid formulations
susp specf. tablet specf |
susp-SHAKE WELL
tab-Chewed first, FULL glass of water |
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Possible chelation with...
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Tetracyclines
Quino's Tagamet(H2 antag) Lanoxin DILANTIN (Ca in enteral feedings) |
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drugs increasing gastric pH
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carafate
nizoral REYATAZ |
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increasing urinary pH
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Aspirin and salicylates
acidic drugs will be less therapuetic |
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Methenamine only works at what pH
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5.5
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Bismuth
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is a SALICYLATE
don't take when on anticoag cause blackening of tongue and stools |
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Salicylic structure
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KNOW IT
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Pepcid AC (famotidine)
pepcide complete- |
H2 antag
pepcid with CaCO3 and Mg |
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Tagamet 200mg
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interferes with 3a4
metab. of simvastatin inhibits estrogen metab. |
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Prilosec OTC strength-
prevacid strength- zegerid- |
omeprazole 20mg
lansoprazole 15 mg omeprazole 20 + Na Bicarb |
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Cautions of PPI
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Bacterial growth
vitamin b12 deficency |
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Beano
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alpha-galactosidase enzyme
hydrolyzes complex sugars into simple |
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Beano does and intxns
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2 to 3 tablets on food
5 drops on foods MAOI intxns Diabetes |
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Lactaid
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natural lactase enzyme
hydrolyzes double sugar into simple |
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Lactaid doses
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Orig- 3000 units-chew3 at first bite of food (NMT 6 )
Ultra-9000 units(NMT 2 at a time) |
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define constipation
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to pack together
irregular or diff. evacuation |
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laxative
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mild relaxtion
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Purgative
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cleanse; copious evacuations
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Cathartic
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to purify
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Physic
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med. that purges
can be mild or harsh laxative |
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defacation
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discharge of feces
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stool
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matter of one B.M.
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Feces
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waste matter expelled
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functional
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affecting a function of an organ
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valsalva maneuver
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forced expiratory effort against a closed air passage
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L.O.C.
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laxative of choice
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SS enema
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Soap SOLUTION aka soap suds
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TWE
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tap water enema
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freq of B.M.'s ranges
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3 times a day to 3 times a week
regular is up to each pt |
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Natural Psyllium fiber is a ______ laxative
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soluble bulk
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soluble bulk laxatives take how long to work
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usually 12 to 24 hours, may be as long as 3 days
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Amt of Psyllium fiber
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3.4 g
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Amt of Dietary fiber
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3 g
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amt of soluble fiber
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2g
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Metamucil Smooth doses
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Orange-1 TABLEspoon
all other sugars-1 TEAspoon |
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Metamucil Corase
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Orange-1TABLEspoon
orig-1 TEAspoon |
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Metamucil Psyliium fober doses
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5 caps (2 to6) for lax
6 caps for chol. reduction |
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Metamucil caps plus Ca
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5 caps contain 2g soluble fiber and 300mg Ca
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Metamucil Wafers dose
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2 wafers
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Metamucil directions
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Do not inhale powder(idiot)
Drink another glass of water helps up to 3x a day |
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Conc Konsyl
Easy mix konsyl Konsyl D hydrocil instant |
conc-6grams of psyillium
easymix- 4.3g D- 3.4g instant- 3g |
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Citrucel
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Methycellulose
-Soluble bulk laxative |
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Insoluble Bulk Laxative
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Calcium polycarbophil
Fibercon |
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Fibercon dose
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2 tabs 1 to 4 times a day...full glass of water
watch Ca interactions |
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Bulk laxative interfere with.... by...
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absorption
by binding particles of drug |
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Laxatives may cause failure of...
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long term acting meds
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Docusate
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increases the wetting of feces
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Colace
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docusate SODIUM 50 to 100 mg per cap
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Dulcolax stool softner
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docusate NA 100mg
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Dulcolax syrup
Liquid |
60mg/ 15ml
150mg/ 15ml |
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Surfak
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docusate CALCIUM 240mg per cap
effective in 1 to 2 days, long as 5 |
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Emollient laxatives are ______>___________
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prophylatic > therapuetic
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Lubricant Laxatives
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work by coating feces
O.O.A.- 6 to 8 H |
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Lipid pneumonia
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aspiration of mineral oil-when pt reclines
Not for preg, or anti-coag |
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Mineral Oil(Heavy) dose
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adult- 1 TABLEspoon daily
child- 1 to 3 tea daily Take in an upright position |
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Philips M-O dose
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1.25 ml mineral oil 300mg MgOH/ 5ml
adults- 2 to 4 TABLEspoons |
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Saline Laxatives
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nonabsorable cations and anions
hypertonicity draws in water exerts a mech stimulus due to pressure |
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Slaine Laxative Warnings
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20% Mg absorbed
10%phosphate take with a full glass of water |
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Citrate
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MAGNESIUM citrate
5 fl oz BM in 1/2 to 6 hours |
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Epsom salts
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Magnesium sulfate
10 to 30 g in water |
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Milk of Magnesia
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2 to 4 TABLEspoons
teaspoon(antacid) |
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Fleet Enema
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soidum posphate
rectally-works in 1 to 3 mins (lie on left side) |
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Hyperosmotic laxative
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glycerin
3 grams as a supp(adult) 1.5 g (child 6 n up) wet with tap water before inerting |
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Stimulant Laxatives
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-stim sec of water in bowel
overnight acting eff inTxing opoid constipation **(Senakot-S)*** |
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Senna products
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Senokot
Perdiem (Yellow Box) Ex-Lax SEnokot-S and Peri-Colace Swiss Kriss herbal |
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Bisacodyl
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5mg tab
10mg supp 6 to 10 h for oral 15 to 60 mins rect it burns so its EC(never give with Prilosec, zantac) |
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Duloclax laxative tabs
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bisacodyl 5mg EV
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Dulcolax Stool Softners
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Docusate Sodium 100mg
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Bisacody products
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dulcolax laxative
correctol (pink box) Carter Lil Pill (Red Box) Alophen(Yellow) Ex Lax ULTRA |
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Castor Oil
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hydrolyzed to ricinoleic acid
site of action-small intestine |
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Castor oil dose
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1 to 4 TABLEspoons
-not for preg-prostaglandins are involved |
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Miralax
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Poly Glycol
osmotic laxative RX-255, 527g OTC-119g dose-17g (tblspoon) mx dose is 34 grams |
