Ota - Pharmacology - Drugs Used In Vital Function Disorders

Front 1

Sympathomimetics given in acute care are applied:
- in one initial dose (bolus) followed by maintenance infusion
- in one initial dose (bolus) followed by oral application
- in the course of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation intra-bronchially
- in the course of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation subcutaneously

Back 1

Sympathomimetics given in acute care are applied:
- in one initial dose (bolus) followed by maintenance infusion+
- in the course of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation intra-bronchially+

Front 2

Sympathomimetics with dominant β1 adrenergic effect:
- are vasoconstrictors
- does not increase the heart’s metabolic demands
- have positive inotropic effect
- can increase the risks of heart arrhythmia

Back 2

Sympathomimetics with dominant β1 adrenergic effect:
- have positive inotropic effect+
- can increase the risks of heart arrhythmia +

Front 3

Sympathomimetics with dominant β2 adrenergic effects:
- are vasodilators
- are vasoconstrictors
- have positive inotropic effect
- are bronchodilators

Back 3

Sympathomimetics with dominant β2 adrenergic effects:
- are vasodilators+
- are bronchodilators+

Front 4

Sympathomimetics with dominant α adrenergic effect:
- are vasoconstrictors
- are convenient in shock therapy
- are vasodilators
- are predominantly bronchodilators

Back 4

Sympathomimetics with dominant α adrenergic effect:
- are vasoconstrictors+
- are convenient in shock therapy+

Front 5

Which are typical adrenaline (epinephrine) characteristics?
- pronounced immediate vasoconstriction
- positive inotropic and vasodilation effects (it is an ino-vasodilator)
- β1,2 sympathomimetic effects
- positive inotropic and vasoconstriction effects (it is an ino-vasoconstrictor)

Back 5

Which are typical adrenaline (epinephrine) characteristics?
- positive inotropic and vasodilation effects (it is an ino-vasodilator)+
- β1,2 sympathomimetic effects+

Front 6

Which are typical noradrenalin (norepinephrine) characteristics?
- vasodilation effect
- positive inotropic and vasoconstriction effects (it is an ino-vasoconstrictor)
- β1,2 sympathomimetic effects without the α adrenergic effects
- β1 sympathomimetic with medium α sympathomimetic effect

Back 6

Which are typical noradrenalin (norepinephrine) characteristics?
- positive inotropic and vasoconstriction effects (it is an ino-vasoconstrictor)+
- β1 sympathomimetic with medium α sympathomimetic effect+

Front 7

Which are typical dobutamine characteristics:
- dominant α adrenergic effect (it is a vasoconstrictor)
- dominant β1 adrenergic effect (inotropic effect)
- dobutamine is conveniently used in acute heart failure treatment in combination with dopamine (which improves renal perfusion)
- dobutamine is conveniently used in shock therapy in combination with dopamine (which potentiates vasoconstriction)

Back 7

Which are typical dobutamine characteristics:
- dominant β1 adrenergic effect (inotropic effect)+
- dobutamine is conveniently used in acute heart failure treatment in combination with dopamine (which improves renal perfusion)+

Front 8

Which are typical levosimendan characteristics:
- inotropic effect due to the increased sensitivity of tropin T to calcium
- dominant α adrenergic effect (it is a vasoconstrictor)
- high risk of serious arrhythmias by increased calcium sarcoplasm concentrations in cardiomyocytes
- levosimendan is conveniently used in acute heart failure treatment as alteration to β sympathomimetics in chronic beta-blockers treatment

Back 8

Which are typical levosimendan characteristics:
- inotropic effect due to the increased sensitivity of tropin T to calcium +
- levosimendan is conveniently used in acute heart failure treatment as alteration to β sympathomimetics in chronic beta-blockers treatment+

Front 9

Fibrinolytic drugs:
- are non-selective (working through plasmin activation) and selective (which act directly on the thrombus)
- are in-direct (working through antithrombin activation) and direct (which act on catalytic site of thrombin)
- use of streptokinase is accompanied by remarkable risks of allergic reaction and hypotension
- use of alteplase is accompanied by remarkable risks of allergic reaction and symptomatic hypotension

Back 9

Fibrinolytic drugs:
- are non-selective (working through plasmin activation) and selective (which act directly on the thrombus)+
- use of streptokinase is accompanied by remarkable risks of allergic reaction and hypotension+

Front 10

Direct thrombin inhibitor anticoagulatives (anticoagulants):
- are e.g. rivaroxaban and apixaban (called “xabans”)
- is e.g. dabigatran (called “agatrans”)
- are conveniently used for thromboembolic prophylaxis in patients with renal failure
- can be applied orally even in patients early after surgery

Back 10

Direct thrombin inhibitor anticoagulatives (anticoagulants):
- is e.g. dabigatran (called “agatrans”)+
- can be applied orally even in patients early after surgery+

Front 11

Direct factor-Xa inhibitor anticoagulatives (anticoagulants):
- are e.g. rivaroxaban and apixaban (called “xabans”)
- is e.g. dabigatran (called “agatrans”)
- are conveniently used for thromboembolic prophylaxis in patients with renal failure
- can be applied orally even in patients early after surgery

Back 11

Direct factor-Xa inhibitor anticoagulatives (anticoagulants):
- are e.g. rivaroxaban and apixaban (called “xabans”)+
- can be applied orally even in patients early after surgery+

Front 12

Dabigatran:
- inhibits coagulation after antithrombin activation
- directly inhibits the catalytic site of thrombin
- is comparably effective as well as safe in comparison with warfarin in the thromboembolic prophylaxis
- can be applied orally, has renal excretion and low risks of drug interactions

Back 12

Dabigatran:
- directly inhibits the catalytic site of thrombin+
- can be applied orally, has renal excretion and low risks of drug interactions+

Front 13

Rivaroxaban:
- directly inhibits the catalytic site of factor Xa
- inhibits coagulation after antithrombin activation which blocks the factor Xa effect
- can be applied orally, its effect is well predictable without necessary effect monitoring and with low risks of drug interactions
- its effect can be terminated by protamine sulfate

Back 13

Rivaroxaban:
- directly inhibits the catalytic site of factor Xa +
- can be applied orally, its effect is well predictable without necessary effect monitoring and with low risks of drug interactions +

Front 14

Apixaban:
- directly inhibits the catalytic site of factor Xa
- inhibits coagulation after antithrombin activation which blocks the factor Xa effect
- can be applied orally and intravenously, its effect is well predictable without necessary effect monitoring and with low risks of drug interactions
- its effect can be terminated by indirect factor Xa inhibitors

Back 14

Apixaban:
- directly inhibits the catalytic site of factor Xa +
- can be applied orally and intravenously, its effect is well predictable without necessary effect monitoring and with low risks of drug interactions +

Front 15

In comparison with warfarin, the indirect thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors have:
- faster onset of action
- higher risks of drug interactions
- well predictable effect without necessary effect monitoring
- the possibility of effect termination by protamine sulfate

Back 15

In comparison with warfarin, the indirect thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors have:
- faster onset of action+
- well predictable effect without necessary effect monitoring+