Ota 105: Midterm Review Part 1

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DSM - IV

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Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorder

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ICF

Back 2

International Classification of Functional

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WHO

Back 3

World Health Organization

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OTPF

Back 4

Occupational Therapy Practice Framework

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ADL

Back 5

Activity of daily living

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IADL

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Instrumental activity of daily living

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Volition

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Is motivation, the 3 keys elements are personal causation, values, and interests.

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Personal causation

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Refers to the person's beliefs about personal effectiveness.

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Values

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Are internalized images of "what is important and meaningful to do". Motivates behavior in many ways.

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Interests

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Are "what one finds enjoyable or satisfying to do". Are the things that attract people.

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Habituation

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Refers to the activity that have been performed enough times to become routine and customary. There is 2 elements which are habits and internalized roles.

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Habits

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refers to automatic routines or patterns of activity that a person seems to person almost by reflex, without much conscious awareness.

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Internalized roles

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Are personalized occupational roles that consist of many different habits, routines, and skills. Some typical occupational roles are homemakers, student, and retiree.

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Human occupation

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The act of doing work, play, activities of daily living, and other activities within the context of human life.

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Environment

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Human and nonhuman object world which human occupation is carried out

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Occupational roles

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Patterns for organizing productive activity, usually according to the product or service produced. Examples are grade-school student, homemakers, basketball player.

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Role change/ role transition

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Movement from one role to another, or movement within a role. Examples are going to work after finishing school or moving from full-time to part-time work.

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Performance capacity

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The underlying capacities needed to do things, based o body structures and functions and on the subjective experience of them.

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Kinetics

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Study of the motion of objects and the forces of acting on them

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Statics

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Study of the forces acting on objects at rest

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Force

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Measurable influence acting on a body

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Lever

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Rigid structure fixed at a point called the fulcrum and acted on at two other points by two forces, causing movement in relation to the fulcrum; a seesaw and a crowbar are examples.

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Torque

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Rotary or twisting force

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Range of motion

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Extent, measured in degrees of a circle, to which movement can occur at a joint

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Strength

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Work against resistance (including the force of gravity) measured in pounds

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Endurance

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Exertion or work sustained over time

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Biomechanical Approach

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The treatment of physical dysfunction considers the human body as a living machine. Typical evaluation and treatment techniques used in this approach are measurement of joint ROM and muscle strength, therapeutic exercise, and orthotics. Is most appropriate for patient with an intact CNS.

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Sensorimotor Approach

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Treats patients who have CNS dysfunction. The normal CNS functions to produce controlled, well-modulated (regular and adjusted) movement. The damaged CNS cannot coordinate and produce such movement smoothly or with ease.

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CNS: Central nervous system

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The brain and spinal cord

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Neurophysiological

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Pertaining to the study of the physical and chemical nature of the nervous system

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Muscle tone

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Resistance of a muscle to being stretched by an external force

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Motor response

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Movement or muscle action evoked by sensory input; may be voluntary or involuntary

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Reflex mechanism

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Involuntary motor response to sensory input

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Rehabilitation approach

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Restoration to a former state or to a proper state. In medicine means the return to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, an economic usefulness that is possible for the individual.

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Treatment continuum

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Is a continuous series of elements passing into each other. It begins with the onset of injury or disability and ends with the restoration of the patient to maximal independence. It is not a series of steps but a gradual movement from disease and disability toward health and ability.

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Adjunctive Methods, Stage 1

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Are used within OT to prepare the patient to engage in activity. The methods may include exercise, facilitation and inhabitation techniques, positioning, sensory stimulation, selected physical agent modalities, and devices such as braces and splints.

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Enabling Activities: Stage 2

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was creative for simulating purposeful activities. Examples are sanding boards, skateboards, driving stimulators, work stimulators, and tabletop activities such as pegboards for training perceptual-motor skills.

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Purposeful activity: Stage 3

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Has been the core of OT since its inception. Has an inherent or autonomous goal and is relevant and meaningful to the patient.

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Occupational Performance and Occupational Roles: Stage 4

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Is the final stage of the treatment continuum. The patient resumes or assumes occupational roles in the living environment and in the community.