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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Areas of occupation
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ADLs and IADLs, rest and sleep, work, education, play, leisure, social participation
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Dimensions of Occupation
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performance
contextual temporal psychological social spiritual |
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co-occupations
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Activities that implicitly involve at least two people
ex: parenting/mothering |
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Occupational science
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Sciences dedicated to the study of form, function and meaning of human occupation.
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Occupational justice
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Justice related to opportunities and resources related to occupational participation, sufficient to satisfy personal needs and full citizenship.
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Occupation and Purposeful Activity
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Occupation encompasses purposeful activity.
ex: Tying shoes during therapy on a board is purposeful activity in pursuit of attaining occupation of tying shoes. |
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Occupation dysfunction: Multidimensional nature
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Interplay of biological, psychological, social.. factors
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Personal and secondary consequences
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Personal: consequences for individual w/ illness/disability.
Secondary: consequences for those that are an immediate part of the individual's life |
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Occupational imbalance
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Inability to participate in occupations that allow one to exercise physical, social and mental capacities. Disruption of body function.
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Occupational deprivation
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Circumstance or forces that prevent people from participating in health-promoting occupations.
ex: environment that one grows up in |
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Occupational alienation
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Occurs when an individual's life activities fail to be in harmony with their natures or environs. Socially unacceptable behavior.
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Who was George Barton?
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First president of the NSPOT
architect |
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Who was Susan Tracy?
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Published first American book on OT "Studies in Invalid Occupation"
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Who was William Rush Dunton?
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Psychiatrist
Founding father of OT |
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Who was Susan Cox Johnson?
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Studied and taught arts and crafts
Taught OT in Dept of Nursing at Columbia University |
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Who was Eleanor Clark Slagle?
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Held every office in NSPOT
Developed habit training |
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Who was Isabel Gladwin Newton?
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Married to George Barton
First secretary of NSPOT |
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Who was Thomas Kidner?
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Canadian born architect
Leader in manual re-training and vocational rehab |
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Who was Adolph Meyer?
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Authored "Philosophy of OT" first journal article in the Archives of Occupational Therapy
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Settlement House Movement
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Community-based centers for the arts, writing, gardening, etc. could elevate social conditions and alleviate the debilitating effects of poverty and industrialization.
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Mental Hygiene Movement
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Promoted public health to decrease stigma of those with mental illness and promote improved care in institutions and communities.
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Arts and Crafts Movement
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Creating art could uplift the human condition and address the negative effects of industrialization on the individual and society.
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Reductionism
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Viewpoint from a medical model that looked at patients in terms of a specific diagnosis or body part.
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Moral Treatment
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A regime of occupation, recreation, religious and educational services and supports within structured group living could cure the physical disease of mental illness.
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Manual Training
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A means of preventing idleness and providing functional or therapeutic re-education and vocational re-education that also served to preserve and develop the love of labor and provide skills for factory work.
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Contrived occupation
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exercise with added purpose (little relevance to task where the skill will be used)
occupation with a contrived component (objects used in actual task, but occupation is simulated) |
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Therapeutic occupation
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Naturalistic and contextual with real objects in real environments, source of purpose is client, meaningful to client, focus is remediation of impairments.
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Compensatory occupation
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Assistive devices
Teach alternative or compensatory strategies Modify physical or social environments |
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Grading
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increase/decrease occupational demands
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Scaffolding
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help client do part of task that is tood hard, have clients do remainder
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Fading
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Systematically withdrawing supports so that the task demands increase until the person is doing the whole task or occupation independently.
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Coaching
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Providing verbal expectations and support to help the individual engage in and sustain growth or changes.
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Modified Occupational Performance Model
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Occupational performance areas, components, contexts.
Person-activity-environment fit. |
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Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
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Dynamic interaction of person and environment results in behavior.
Occupation essential to human self-organization. Volition, habituation, perf. capacity, environment |
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Volition
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Motivates occupational behavior
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Habituation
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habits and roles
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Performance capacity
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musculoskeletal
symbolic memory, emotional states |
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Person-Environment Occupational Performance Model
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Person (intrinsic factors): psychological, cognitive, physiological, neurobehavioral, spiritual
Environment (extrinsic): social support, societal, culture and values, built environments and technology, natural environments. |
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Therapeutic use of self
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Characterizes the interpersonal dynamic of helping relationship
Essential feature of professional skills repertoire Interpersonal competence crucial variable |
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Interpersonal competence
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Being emotionally available.
Being genuine and empathic. Assessing coping methods of individual and significant others. Recognizing role losses. Determining group experiences to maximize consumer's performance w/ peer support Being aware of own attitudes and biases. Sharing treatment plan process Using consumer's preferred occupations Providing attention to social skills of consumer in variety of setting Using rewards and social recognition for consumer's achievements Using space to foster social interaction and emphasize living and doing. |
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Therapeutic Use of Occupation
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Occupation pursues the consumer's inner life.
Must be meaningful. |
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Therapeutic Use of Environment
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Occupational performance occurs in context of individual's environment.
OT obligated to provide treatment setting that is physically and emotionally safe. |
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Occupational Therapy Practice Framework
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Articulates OT contribution to health.
Outlines professions' purview and areas in which its members have an established body of knowledge. Explains how we carry out our services. To persons, organizations, and populations. |
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Cultural awareness
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awareness of differences
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Cultural sensitivity
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respect for those with different cultures
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Culturally sensitive care
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make changes to fit needs of client.
But also know your boundaries. |
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Culturally competent care
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Do research
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Essentialize (culture)
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Take complex, multi-faceted cultural phenomena and reduce to a few essences to explain or describe a group.
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Mystify
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Refuse to recognize social, economic, or political realities.
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Xenophobic
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Unreasonably fearful or feeling hatred for those different from oneself.
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Ethnocentric
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Judge people, their environments, communication patterns, according to standards, values, and customs of one's own culture.
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O.T. process steps (5)
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1. referral and screening
2. evaluation 3. goal-setting and intervention planning 4. intervention w/ ongoing re-evaluation 5. discharge and follow-up |
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screening vs. evaluation
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screening: initial impressions, is OT appropriate for this person?
evaluation: process to go about therapy |
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Intervention approaches (5)
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create/promote
establish/restore maintain modify prevent |
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evidence-based decision making: explanatory, exploratory, descriptive, interpretive
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explanatory (experiment)
exploratory (correlation) descriptive (measurement) interpretive (qualitative) |
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PICO format
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P=patient diagnosis/condition
I=Intervention C=Comparative Intervention O=Outcomes (what results interest you?) |
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Multidisciplinary team
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many disciplines
word towards common goal, but working separately common in hospital settings |
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Interdisciplinary team
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often evaluate, treat together
increased communication |
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Transdisciplinary team
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increased role-sharing
fewer professionals to provide treatment and rest of team consults role release decrease direct providers to benefit client |
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Benefits of team
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increased info, skills
shared responsibilities learn from and support one another |
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Challenges of team
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decision making more difficult
time limitations in communications clashes of philosophy |
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Evaluation vs. Assessment
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Evaluation: gather info, make judgments, draw conclusions
Assessment: specific tools or instruments used during evaluation process |
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Purpose of assessment?
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Gives you a baseline level of performance to measure progress (for billing, setting goals).
Client priorities Summary of client's strengths and contextual supports List of client problems OT diagnosis Statement of potential to benefit from OT services Discharge projection Goals Intervention plan |
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Types of evaluation procedures
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Interview
Skilled observation Testing using formal procedures (ROM) Testing using standardized assessments (criterion or norm-referenced) |
