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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ark Narrative |
The story of the Ark of the Covenant, beginning in 1 Samuel with its theft by the Philistines, recapture by David, its installment in Solomon's temple and believed destruction/theft when Jerusalem fell in 587. Significant because the Ark was seen as God's throne, where God actually resided, and its place in the temple and within Israel's religious traditions were centered around keeping God with them. |
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City of David |
Another name for the city of Jerusalem, because David made it the capital of the united monarchy; Significant because its location was chosen by David due to the fact that the land had not previously been held by either the North or South, and acted as his way of trying to unite the two kingdoms. By bringing the ark back it also became the City of God
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United Monarchy |
Period in Israel's History lasting from 1000-922 BCE; the ideal that the Chronicler is trying to return to
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Annals of the Kings |
Hypothesized source used by the DtrH to provide information/dates regarding the Northern and Southern Kings. Significant because it is a direct reference to the use of outside sources to inform the text, and shows intertextuality of the composers of our scripture.
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Succession Narrative |
Hypothetical Biblical source comprised by 2 Sam 9-20 and 1 Kings 1-2, detailing how Solomon became David's successor. Significant because it is an example of historical fiction with in the Biblical text, and can also be dated to not long after the events it describes. Also important in maintaining the Davidic line to show God's faithfulness to the Covenant |
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Zion |
Poetic name for Jerusalem/The City of David used frequently in Lamentations; Used throughout the old and new testament, and specifically Lamentations, and held up as the ideal-David was seen as the ideal king and the story of the Israelite people is always about getting back to this ideal
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Micaiah |
A prophet questioned by Ahab, who was the only prophet that predicted a negative outcome of the battle against Aram and explained that the other prophets were given false prophecy by God. An illustration of the complex relationship between Kings and Prophets during this time, and how Kings utilized prophets to make military and other decisions.
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Elijah |
Prophet during the time of Ahab that, among other things, stood up to Jezebel and the cult of Baal ; Significant in that the stories about him are from a different source than much of the rest of the Dtr |
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Elisha |
Biblically, Elijah's successor as a major prophet and one of three that Elijah was commanded to anoint. Significant because Elisha is the first prophet to deal directly with a leader and a country outside of Israel, signifying YHWH's power over the world, not just Israel. |
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Divination |
The use of spirits or magic to obtain information, and generally forbade in the scripture found in the Old Testament, but appears to have been allowed in certain types by royal prophets; significant in that its use shows commonality to other ANE people groups and ambivalence about the myriad of ways Israel tries to reconcile their history in light of what actually happens and what God promises |
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Northern Kingdom |
The tribes of Israel to the North of Jerusalem that fell to the Assyrians in 722 BCE, and presented almost entirely negatively by DtrH. Significant in that the history of the kingdoms is selective and our information of the kings from the North only comes from DtrH which was writing in Judah.
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Southern Kingdom |
The parts of Israel south of and including Jerusalem that fell in 586 BCE to the Babylonians
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Prophet |
Deliverers of divinely sent messages, in Biblical tradition, from YHWH - spokespersons for YHWH; prophets shaped the history of God's chosen people throughout the Hebrew Bible
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Mesha Stela |
Victory Stela erected by the Moabite King Mesha that was discovered in 1868; Significant because it lends credence to the Biblical mentions of struggle and rivalry between Moab and Israel and highlights similarities between Moabite and Israelite language/practices.
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Samaria |
The capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel from the early 9th century to 722 bce when it fell to the Assyrians. Subsequently, Samaria was used as the name of the region in which the city was located. Location of the shrine built by northern kingdom, since Temple was in Judah (Jerusalem) |
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Extispicy |
Specific type of divination in which animal entrails, such as the liver, are examined to determine outcomes. ; Used by vast number of Biblical prophets |
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Manasseh |
Son of Hezekiah and king of Judah that is presented entirely negatively in the book of Kings, but in a somewhat positive light in the book of Chronicles; Significant because it is an illustration of the differing motives of various biblical authors and compilers and shows varying sources.
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Megiddo |
Strategically located city between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River that was the place of a vast number of battles in Biblical times; TPIII made it an Assyrian capital after the northern kingdom was captured, Josiah also fell here in 609
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Gezer calendar |
A limestone tablet from Gezer in Palestine dating to the 10th century BCE. On it is an agricultural calendar written in Hebrew in an early form of the Hebrew Alphabet. This is one of the earliest inscriptions we have in Hebrew. It affirms Biblical narrative of 1 Kings which describes Israel taking over the Canaanite city Gezer roughly around the time the Calendar was carved. |
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Cyrus cylinder |
Cuniform writings dating to Cyrus that detail a number praises about the king, most notably that he repatriated displaced people and restored cultic temples. ; Significant because many scholars use this as corroborating the biblical narrative of the Edict of Cyrus and the return to the southern kingdom.
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Tiglath Pilesar III (TPIII) |
King of Assyria who extended Assyrian control over the Near East. He developed a new tactic when he took cities, which was to deport everyone there and bring in Syrians to the territory, which explains the historicity of the exile. |
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Sargon II |
The brother and successor of TPIII. He made the northern kingdom an Assyrian province. He is the king responsible for the conquest of Samaria and deportation of the Israelites. Major Babylonian triumph as he was responsible for extending the empire. |
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Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III |
A piece that shows King Jehu bowing before Shalmaneser. It is the only contemporaneous picture of an Israelite ruler. This affirms that Israel was a vassal of Assyria |
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Tel Dan Inscription |
8th century Aramaic inscription that describes conquest of what is known of the “House of David”. Earliest proof of the name of David, huge in the historicity of David |
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Siloam Inscription |
passage of inscribed text found in a tunnel in the city of David. The inscription describes the construction of the tunnel dated to the 8th century, which is the only kind of its sort in the region of Judah (evidence for the Biblical narrative)
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Ostracon (Ostraca plural) |
Greek term meaning "potsherd", bits of broken or old pottery were a readily available medium to make quick or informal notes on in Biblical times and may prophetic oracles were made on them. Significant to this period, because vast number of them found in Lachish can be dated to the time of King Zedekiah and Jeremiah and provide a reliable proof supporting the biblical text. |
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Kuntillet Ajrud |
site in 9-8th centuries BCE in NE Sinai Peninsula. Images at site invoke Yahweh in connection to Samaria and most the poetry is of Judean origin |
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Lachish |
One of the major early Jewish cities behind Jerusalem, and fell to Sennacherib as documented in 2 Kings 18. Significant because Archaelogical evidence, including a large number of ostraca found at the site and remnants of a siege ramp can reliably support the biblical text of the fall of the city. |
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Sins of Jeroboam |
establishing two shrines in N kingdom of Israel; he did this to keep people from going to Jerusalem (rival city) to worship. But this violated the principle of a central sanctuary for all of Israel and because it was a form of idolatry. One of the ways the DtrH uses to explain the bad things that happen to Israel
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High places |
elevated locations for religious rites that are on the the whole condemned by the DtrH, and kings are often noted as "doing good in the sight of the Lord" or doing what was wrong in direct relation to whether or not they kept or removed "the high places"; the DtrH used the kings' actions in regards to high places as a way of interpreting the success or failure of kings, contributing to the overall hypothesis of DtrH
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historiography |
A way of looking at historical events that includes narrative and expanded details that is shaped by the author in a particular way; most of the OT can be understood in this way, rather than cut and dry "history" - there was an overarching thesis or purpose to the way it was written
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Ezra |
A scribe expert in the Torah, a priest, and a leader of exiles returning to Judah from Babylon in the mid-5th century BCE.
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Nehemiah |
governor of Judah; appointed by Persians, led religious reforms and rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem |
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Evil-Merodoch |
Babylonian King succeeding Nebuchadnezzar that freed Jehoiachin and allowed him to dine and receive allowance during exile. Significant because it changes our perspective on the conditions of the exile.
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Ehud |
left-handed Benjaminite judge. Killed fat Moabite king Eglon with clever ruse and led Israelites to victory over Moabites
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Jethro |
Name for Moses’ father in law in E source; suggests more effective structure for Moses’ governance of the people |
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Josiah |
King of Judah. He constructed a reform of worship inspired by the discovery of the book of the law while cleaning out the Temple (a version of the book of Deuteronomy). Josiah was highly regarded in the DtrH. DtrH attempts to explain why he died, despite being one who followed the law well
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Hezekiah |
King of Judah. During his reign, the Assyrian king Sennacherib attacked Jerusalem. He was highly regarded in the DtrH because of his attention to matters of religious practice. He was advised by the prophet Isaiah.
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Ahaz |
King of Judah. He became an Assyrian vassal by appealing to Tiglath-Pilesar III and giving him portions of the Temple treasury despite the advice of the prophet Isaiah
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Ahab |
King of Israel, N kingdom. He was Omri’s successor who helped constructed a lavish royal city. He is the first King of Israel to have his name recorded on extant Assyrian monuments (Shalamanesar II)
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Exilic Period |
597 (First Deportation)-538 (Cyrus) |
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Persian Period |
550 (Cyrus)-330 (Alexander the Great) |
