Osteology - Final Vocabulary

Front 1

Antagonists

Back 1

Muscles that oppose the action of the prime movers. Must be relaxed so movement can occur

Front 2

Aponeurosis

Back 2

Flat, thin, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other tissues at their origin or insertion

Front 3

Atrophy

Back 3

Wasting away (degeneration)

Front 4

Bursa

Back 4

Sac or cavity lines w/ synovial membrane, filled w/synovial fluid. Reduces friction btwn tendon & bone, tendon & ligament, etc

Front 5

Epimysium (fascia)

Back 5

Outermost sheath of connective tissue which surrounds a skeletal muscle

Front 6

Flaccid

Back 6

Lacking tone in muscle; flabby

Front 7

Hypertrophy

Back 7

Increase in size of an organ or structure

Front 8

Intramuscular

Back 8

Within a muscle

Front 9

Involuntary

Back 9

Independent of the will

Front 10

Ligament

Back 10

Band of strong fibrous connective tissue connecting the articular ends of bones serving to bind them together and facilitate or limit motion

Front 11

Muscle fatigue

Back 11

Loss of power to contract after prolonged periods of muscle contraction

Front 12

Muscle spasm

Back 12

An involuntary, abnormal muscular contraction

Front 13

Muscular system

Back 13

System of the human body involving muscles and their attachments that work with the skeletal system to produce movement (composes 35-50 % of total weight of the body)

Front 14

Myology

Back 14

Study of muscles

Front 15

Prime Movers

Back 15

Muscles that are responsible for prime action

Front 16

Synergists

Back 16

Muscles that assist the prime movers by stabilizing the joint

Front 17

Tendon

Back 17

Tough cord or band of dense white connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another part and that transmits the force which the muscle exerts. ATtaches muscle to bone (the periostreum.

Front 18

Orbicularis oculi

Back 18

Closes eyelids

Front 19

Orbicularis oris

Back 19

Draws lips together as in kissing

Front 20

Buccinator

Back 20

"Trumpeter's muscle' used in blowing, whistling, and smiling

Front 21

Masseter

Back 21

Closes jaw as in chewing

Front 22

Trapezius

Back 22

Moves shoulders by raising and throwing them back; assists in moving head to one side or the other; hyperextends head when occiput acts as insertion; helps hold head erect

Front 23

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 23

Rotates head from side-to side; flexes upper vertebral column and head as in bowing the head; "praying muscle", helps hold head erect

Front 24

Deltoid

Back 24

Moves the upper arm at the shoulder joint

Front 25

Biceps brachii

Back 25

Flexes the upper arm when the hand is supinated

Front 26

Triceps brachii

Back 26

EXtends the upper arm

Front 27

Brachialis

Back 27

Flexes the upper arm when the hand is pronated

Front 28

Muscles of the forearms

Back 28

Flex and extend the forearms, wrists, and fingers

Front 29

Pectoralis major

Back 29

Flexes and adducts upper arm anteriorly across the chest

Front 30

Serratus anterior

Back 30

Moves the scapula forward as in pushing something

Front 31

Intercostals

Back 31

Assists in respirations by enlarging the thoracic cavity on inspiration

Front 32

Latissimus dorsi

Back 32

Brings down arms forcibly as in swimming

Front 33

Abdominal muscles

Back 33

Assist indirectly in respiration as they relax when the diaphragm contracts, and vice versa;

Front 34

Diaphragm

Back 34

Main muscle used in breathing which contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration

Front 35

Levator ani and coccygeus

Back 35

Support pelvic organs and act on rectum to aid with defecation

Front 36

Gluteus maximus

Back 36

Functions in maintaining an erect position, extends and rotates thigh, and is very important in walking and running

Front 37

Gluteus minimus

Back 37

Abducts thigh, rotates thigh outward, stabilizes pelvis in femur, and extends thigh

Front 38

Sartorius

Back 38

Adducts and flexes leg; called "tailor's muscle" because it is used in crossing legs

Front 39

Quadriceps femoris

Back 39

Extends knee as in kicking football; includes four parts

Front 40

Adductors

Back 40

Include three in group; press thighs together, as in horseback riding

Front 41

Hamstrings

Back 41

Include three in group; flex lower leg making angle at the knee joint smaller

Front 42

Gastrocnemius

Back 42

Extends the foot; used to stand on tiptoes' is called the "dancer's muscle"

Front 43

Tibialis anterior

Back 43

Flexes foot and inverts ankle used to walk on heels

Front 44

Peroneus longus

Back 44

Everts the ankle