Osteology (As 511, 512)

Front 1

Long Bones

Back 1

Proportionally longer than they are wide. Each has a centeral marrow cavity and a proximal and distal epiphysis. Ex: Femur metacarpals

Front 2

Short Bones

Back 2

About as long as they are wide. Each only has one growth center. Ex: carpals and tarsals

Front 3

Flat Bones

Back 3

Have two plances of compact bone with spongy bone in between. This forms the trabeculae crossing from one side of the bone to he other. These bones have no marrow cavity but have small irrectular marrow spaces. Ex: pelvic bones skull bones and ribs.

Front 4

Irregular Bones

Back 4

All of the irregularly shaped bones such as the vertebrae and some skull bones. Sesamoid bones are a type of irregular bone and are interposed in tendon. the patella is a sesamoid bone

Front 5

Pneumatic Bones

Back 5

Bones with air spaces in them

Front 6

Articular Projections

Back 6

head - condyle- trochlea

Front 7

head

Back 7

proximal end of the bone; may have a neck attached

Front 8

condyle

Back 8

rounded projection on the distal aspect of a bone

Front 9

trochlea

Back 9

grooved sliding surface that acts like the surface of a pulley to increase the mechanical advantage in the movement of a joint

Front 10

Non-Articular projections

Back 10

process - tuberosity - tubercle - trochanter -epicondyle - spine - crest

Front 11

process

Back 11

a prominence or projection on a bone

Front 12

tuberosity

Back 12

a large prominence on a bone for example the ischiatic tuberosity on the ischium of the pelvis

Front 13

tubercle

Back 13

large and small prominences on the humerus known as the greater and lesser tubercles

Front 14

trochanter

Back 14

large and small prominences on the femur known as the greater and lesser trochanters

Front 15

epicondyle

Back 15

roughened area on the sides of a bone just proximal to the condyles

Front 16

spine

Back 16

a pointed projection off a bone as in the spine of the scapula

Front 17

crest

Back 17

a ridge on a bone as in the the crest of the illium

Front 18

Depressions

Back 18

cavities - notch - facet - fovea - fossa - foramen - canal

Front 19

cavities

Back 19

generally articular spaces where the head of a bone fits Ex: the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Front 20

notch

Back 20

if non-articular this is a groove or concavity as in the alar notch of atlas. if articular it is inside the joint where the ligaments attach Ex: the torchlear notch of ulna

Front 21

facet

Back 21

an almost flat surfaces as found on the carpals

Front 22

fovea

Back 22

a small depression on a bone such as the fovea capitis

Front 23

fossa

Back 23

a large shallow depression as in the suprasinous fossa of the scapula

Front 24

foramen

Back 24

a hole in a bone

Front 25

canal

Back 25

a small tublar hole thorugh a bone longer than a foramen

Front 26

Parts of the Long Bone

Back 26

diaphysis - epiphyses - metaphyses

Front 27

diaphysis

Back 27

shaft of the long bone. this consists of compact bone - a central meduallary canal and spongy bone at the proximal and distal ends of the shaft area

Front 28

epiphyses

Back 28

The proximal and distal ends of the bone. They have a thin outer layer of compact bone with centers composed of mostly cancellous (spongy) bone.

Front 29

metaphyses

Back 29

regions in mature bone where the diaphysis joines the epiphyses. This is wshere the bone visiually starts to widen at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone prior to the epiphyseal plates or growth plates.