Osteology

Front 1

The adult human skeleton is composed of

Back 1

206 primary bones

Front 2

Bones provide the flollowing

Back 2

Attachement for muscles, mechanical basis for movement, protection of internal organs, a frame to support the body, storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts. Production of red and white blood cells.

Front 3

The 206 bones are divided into two main groups

Back 3

Axial and appendicular skeleton

Front 4

supports and protects the head and the trunckwith 80 bones

Back 4

axial skeleton

Front 5

allows the body to move in various posotions and from place to place with 126 bones

Back 5

appendicular skeleton.

Front 6

skull, neck, thorax, vertebral column. =80

Back 6

axial skeleton

Front 7

shoulder, gridle,upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic griddle =126

Back 7

appendicular skeleton

Front 8

All bones are composed a strong, dense, outer layer called

Back 8

the compact bone

Front 9

inner portion of the bone, less dense

Back 9

spongy bone

Front 10

This type of bone gives strength for suppoting the body.

Back 10

The hard compact bone

Front 11

contains a spiculated network of interconnecting spaces called the trabeculae.

Back 11

softer spongy bone

Front 12

filled with red and yellow marrow

Back 12

The trabeculae

Front 13

produces red and white blood cells,

Back 13

red marrow

Front 14

stores adipose (fat) cells

Back 14

yellow marrow

Front 15

long bones have a central cavity called_____. It contains trabeculae filled with yellow marrow

Back 15

medullary cavity

Front 16

in ____ bones the red marrow is concentrated at the ends of the bone and not in the medullary cavity.

Back 16

long

Front 17

A tough, fiberous connective tissue

Back 17

periosteum

Front 18

cover all bony surfaces except the articular surfaces

Back 18

periosteum

Front 19

tissue lining of the medullary cavity of bones

Back 19

The endosteum

Front 20

Bones contain various knob like projections called________ which are covered by the periosteum.

Back 20

turercles, tuberosities

Front 21

Blood vessels and nerve cells exit the bone through the

Back 21

periosteum

Front 22

T/F bones contain a supply of nerves

Back 22

True

Front 23

Blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the bone at the same point through openings called the

Back 23

foramina

Front 24

Near the center of all long bones is an opening in the periosteum called the

Back 24

nutrient foramen.

Front 25

The ________ of the bone passes through the nutrient foramen and supplies the cancellous bone and marrow

Back 25

nutrient artery

Front 26

The ________ separtely enters the ends of long bones to supply the area

Back 26

epiphyseal artery

Front 27

the_______ enters at numerous points to supply the compact bone

Back 27

periosteal artery

Front 28

is the term given to the development and formation of bones

Back 28

ossification

Front 29

Bones begin to devople at the

Back 29

second month of embryonic life

Front 30

Ossification occurs in two distinct procces

Back 30

intermembraneous ossifcation, and endochondral ossification

Front 31

Bones that develop from fiberous membranes in the embryo produce flat bones, such as those of the skull, clavicals, mandible, and sternum.

Back 31

intermembranous ossificaiton

Front 32

Before birth these bones are not joined, As flatt bones grow after birth they join and form structures.

Back 32

intermembranous ossification

Front 33

Other bones in this cavity merge and create the various joints of the skeleton

Back 33

intermembranous ossification

Front 34

bones develop from hyaline cartilage in the embryo and produce the short, irregular and long bones

Back 34

Endochondral ossification

Front 35

Endochondral ossification occurs in two distinct centers of development

Back 35

primary and secondary centers of ossification

Front 36

begins beofore birth and froms the entire bulk of short and irrugular bones. This process forms the long central shaft of long bones

Back 36

primary ossification

Front 37

During development only, the long shaft of the bone is called

Back 37

diaphysis

Front 38

occurs after birth when a seperate bone begins to develop at both ends of each long bone.

Back 38

Secondary ossification

Front 39

The ends of a long bone is called

Back 39

epiphysis

Front 40

At first diaphysis and epiphysis are completely different, as growth occurs a plate of cartilage________develops betweent the two areas

Back 40

epipthyseal plate

Front 41

This plate is seen on all long bone x-rays ao all pediactric patients, this is important becuase it is a common site for fractures in pediactrics.

Back 41

epipthyseal plate

Front 42

at the age of 21 the _____ and the _____ completly join and only a moderatly visible epipthyseal line appears of the bone

Back 42

diaphysis and the epiphysis