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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of fluid is in the cochlear aqueduct?
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perilymphatic fluid
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What kind of fluid is in the vestibular aqueduct?
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endolymphatic fluid
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The vestibular aqueduct transmits endolymph between the ______ and the _____ in the posterior cranial fossa.
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membranous labyrinth; endolymphatic sac
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What part of the posterior cranial fossa does the sphenoid contribute to?
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the clivus
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The ____ of the sphenoid articulates with the _____ of the occipital.
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body; base
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In norma lateralis, the _____ wing of the sphenoid is visible.
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greater
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In addition to the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid, there is a third set of wings called the _______.
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pterygoid processes
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The sphenoid sinuses are in the ____ of the sphenoid.
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body
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Two muscles of mastication attach to which wings of the sphenoid?
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the pterygoid processes
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The flat space between the right and left lesser wings of the sphenoid is called what?
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the jugum
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The ______ forms the anterior wall of the sella turcica. The _____ forms the posterior wall of the sella turcica.
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tuberculum sellae; dorsum sellae
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The _____ forms the seat of the sella turcica.
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hypophyseal fossa
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The groove anterior to the tuberculum sellae is called the _____.
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chiasmatic groove
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The anterior surface of the sphenoid body has a sharp ridge called the ______, which contributes to the ____ along with ethmoid and Vomer.
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sphenoid crest; nasal septum
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Where do the three sets of clinoid processes extend from?
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Anterior: lesser wing
Middle: tuberculum sellae Posterior; dorsum sellae |
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If the ____ and ____ clinoid processes merge, it is possible for them to impede blood flow through the _____.
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anterior; posterior; internal carotid
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The broad, flat surfaces on the anterior portions of the greater wing of the sphenoid are called what?
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the orbital plates of the sphenoid
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The inferior extensions of the greater wings are called the ______.
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sphenoid spines.
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Which important hole is in the sphenoid spines?
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foramen spinosum
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Which part of the sphenoid descends to just posterior to the molars?
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the pterygoid process
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The pterygoid fossa is located between which two plates?
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lateral and medial pterygoid plates
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The _____ pterygoid plate provides surface area for the pterygoid muscles.
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lateral (on both its lateral and mesial surfaces)
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Hanging down from the medial pterygoid plate is the hook-shaped ______.
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pterygoid hamulus
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The scaphoid fossa is just posterior to the ____ fossa.
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pterygoid fossa
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The muscle arising from the scaphoid fossa is called the _____.
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tensor veli palatini
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When canal of Arnold exists, it carries the ____, which innervates the _____.
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lesser petrosal; parotid
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The Canal of Arnold, when it exists, is between which two foramen?
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foramen spinosum and foramen ovale
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The maxillary artery enters the _______ thru the peterygomaxillary fissure.
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pterygopalatine fossa
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The maxillary nerve (V2) exits foramen rotundum into the _____ fossa.
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pterygopalatine
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At the base of the pterygoid process, just anterior to foramen _____, is the start of the ________
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lacerum; pterygoid canal
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The pterygoid canal emerges into the _________.
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pterygopalatine fossa
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Together, the mental tubercles and the mental prominence form a triangle shaped _______.
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mental trigone
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Together, the mental tubercles and the mental prominence form a triangle shaped _______.
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mental trigone
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The teeth are attached to the _________ of the mandible and maxilla.
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alveolar processes
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The teeth are attached to the _________ of the mandible and maxilla.
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alveolar processes
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As we age, the ______ bone of the mandible and maxilla tends to be resorbed by the body.
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alveolar
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As we age, the ______ bone of the mandible and maxilla tends to be resorbed by the body.
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alveolar
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What line of the mandible is the buccinator attached to?
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the external oblique line
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What line of the mandible is the buccinator attached to?
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the external oblique line
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What muscle attaches to the superior mental spines?
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genioglossus
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What muscle attaches to the superior mental spines?
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genioglossus
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What muscle attaches to the inferior mental spines?
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geniohyoid
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What muscle attaches to the inferior mental spines?
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geniohyoid
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In the ______, just lateral to the mental spines, you will find a pair of salivary glands.
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sublingual fossa
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In the ______, just lateral to the mental spines, you will find a pair of salivary glands.
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sublingual fossa
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The _____ form a muscular diaphragm upon which the tongue rests. They attach to the mandible at the _____.
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mylohyoid muscles, mylohyoid line
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The _____ form a muscular diaphagm upon which the tongue rests. They attach to the mandible at the _____.
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mylohyoid muscles, mylohyoid line
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The mylohyoid raphe extends from the _____ to the _____.
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mandible; hyoid
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The mylohyoid raphe extends from the _____ to the _____.
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mandible; hyoid
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On the inferior aspect of the chin, bilateral to the midline, which two fossa will you find? What attaches there?
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The digastric fossa. The anterior belly of the digastric attaches here.
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On the inferior aspect of the chin, bilateral to the midline, which two fossa will you find? What attaches there?
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The digastric fossa. The anterior belly of the digastric attaches here.
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The coronoid process receives the insertion of _____.
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temporalis
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Posterior to the coronoid process is the ____ process
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condylar
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The pit on the medial portion of the neck of the mandibular condylar process is called what?
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the pterygoid fovea
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The pterygoid fovea receives _____, the only muscle that _____.
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lateral pterygoid muscle; depresses the mandible
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The ______ branch of CN V3 enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen.
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inferior alveolar
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The nerve to mylohyoid is a branch of the ________.
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inferior alveolar nerve/ CN V3
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What are the four bones that contribute to the hard palate?
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The left and right maxillary bones and the left and right palatine bones.
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The enlargement of the alveolar process immediately posterior to the third molar is called the ______.
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maxillary tuberosity
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Which bone forms the floor of the orbital cavity?
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maxillary
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The orbital plate of the maxilla also forms the roof of the _____.
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maxillary sinus
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The ________ is a protuberance of bone on the inferior margin of the periform aperture. It is variably developed.
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anterior nasal spine
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CN V2 exits the skull through _____ and enters the _______ fossa.
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foramen rotundum; pterygopalatine
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The _____, a bony canal in the oribital plate of the maxillary bone, carries _____, which will leave the maxilla through the _____.
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infraorbital canal; the infraorbital NVB; infraorbital foramen
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The anterior and posterior ___________ are branches of the CN V2 that innervate some maxillary teeth.
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superior alveolar nerves
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The incisive foramen transmits the _____, which come from the _____ via the _____.
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nasopalatine nerves; nasal septum; incisive canal
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The nasoalveolar ____ differs between populations. Its slope can differ significantly.
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clivus
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The _____ plate of the ethmoid contributes to the nasal septum.
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perpendicular
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The ethmoid air cells are found in the _________.
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ethmoid labyrinth
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Because it is so thin, the ethmoid orbital plate is also called the ______.
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lamina papyracea
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Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
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Vomer
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What are the articular processes of the zygomatic bone?
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Frontal, maxillary, temporal
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The size of the zygomatic tubercle relates to the attachment of which muscle?
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The masseter.
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Which bone forms the major portion of the lateral wall of the orbit?
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zygomatic
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The lateral/facial curved surface of the zygomatic is also known as what?
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The malar surface
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What do the small openings of the orbital plate of the zygomatic carry? What are the called?
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Zygomatico-orbital foramina. Maxillary divisions of the trigeminal. The zygomatic branch of the CN V2 branches. Some of those branches go through these holes.
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Where do the nerves that pass through the zygomatico-orbital foramina exit the skull?
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The zygomaticofacial foramen and zygomaticotemporal foramen,
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The vertical walls of the palatine bones lie just anterior to what?
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The medial pterygoid plates.
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Just posterior to the third molar is the maxillary ____.
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tuberosity
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On the palate between the maxillary process and the pterygoid process is the ______ of the palatine. To id.entify, look for multiple ______
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pyramidal; small holes
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Way, way back on the floor of the orbit, there is a tiny contribution from the ____.
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palatine bone
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The anterior nasal spine is a feature of the ___ bone, while the posterior nasal spine is a feature of the ____ bone.
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maxillary; palatine
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The greater and lesser palatine nerves of CN V2 pass from the _______, through the _____, to the palate.
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pterygopalatine fossa; pterygopalatine canal.
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Which artery provides the principal blood supply of the nasal cavity?
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sphenopalatine artery
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Where does the sphenopalatine artery enter the skull? The nasal cavity?
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The pterygomaxillary fissure.
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Just inferior to the lacrimal sulcus is a hole called the ____.
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lacrimal foramen
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The lacrimal sulcus houses the ____.
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lacrimal sac
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Tears drain into what in the nasal cavity?
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the inferior nasal meatus
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The lacrimal bone contributes slightly to the ___ wall of the nasal cavity.
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lateral
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How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae?
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C - 7
T-12 L- 5 S - 5 (fused) C- 4 (fused) |
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What are costal facets?
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They're the little flat areas on the anterior portion of the transverse processes and the lateral aspects of the body of the thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the ribs.
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What are the shapes of the verterbral bodies of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
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Lumbar - kidney beans
Thoracic - heart-shaped |
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Jagged outgrowths/irregular bony growths on the spine are called what?
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Spondylophytes
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Where do the spinal nerves exit the spinal column?
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intervertebral foramina
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The IV discs are fixed to rings of ______ attached to the periphery of the vertebral bodies.
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hyaline cartilage
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What are the two portions of the intervertebral discs?
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The fibrocartilage of the periphery is called anulus fibrosus. The semi-gelatinous portion of the center is called the nucleus pulposus.
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What is C1 called? C2? C7?
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C1 - atlas
C2 - axis C7- vertebra prominens |
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What are the two primary curvatures of the spine?
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Posterior convexities of the thoracic and sacral regions.
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What two curvatures of the spine are developed after birth (acquired/secondary)?
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The anterior convexities of the spine in the cervical and lumbar region.
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Instead of a body, the atlas has _______, which are united by _____.
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Lateral bodies; anterior and posterior arches
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What is the widest vertebra?
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atlas
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What is the prominent superior process of axis called?
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the dens, or odontoid process
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The body of the axis is missing because it has become what?
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The dens of axis.
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What are the three atlanto-axial articulations?
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- the two lateral atlantoaxial joints
- the median atlantoaxial joint (the "no" joints) |
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With a whiplash injury, the ____ ligament may be damaged.
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anterior longitudinal
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The posterior longitudinal membrane is called the _____.
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tectoral membrane
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If you cut away the tectoral membrane, which ligament will you be able to see?
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the cruciform ligament
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The ______ is part of the cruciform ligament. It forms a cuff around the dens, holding it in place.
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transverse ligament of the atlas.
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The alar ligaments of the axis extend from the ___ to the _____.
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dens; occipital condyles
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The Adam's apple of the thyroid cartilage is called the ____.
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laryngeal prominence
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Which branch of the trigeminal contains motor fibers?
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V3
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Where is the suprameatal crest?
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just above the external auditory meatus
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Where is the suprameatal triangle?
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Posterosuperior to the external auditory meatus.
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Which dural venous sinus does the carotid run through?
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the cavernous sinus
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The position of the vocal folds relative to each other determines the amount of air that will flow through the _______.
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rima glottidis
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The position of the vocal folds relative to each other determines the amount of air that will flow through the _______.
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rima glottidis
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The position of the vocal folds relative to each other determines the amount of air that will flow through the _______.
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rima glottidis
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The position of the vocal folds relative to each other determines the amount of air that will flow through the _______.
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rima glottidis
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The position of the vocal folds relative to each other determines the amount of air that will flow through the _______.
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rima glottidis
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The shape of the rima glottidis is altered by movements of the ______ joints.
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cricoarytenoid
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The shape of the rima glottidis is altered by movements of the ______ joints.
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cricoarytenoid
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The shape of the rima glottidis is altered by movements of the ______ joints.
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cricoarytenoid
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The shape of the rima glottidis is altered by movements of the ______ joints.
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cricoarytenoid
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The shape of the rima glottidis is altered by movements of the ______ joints.
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cricoarytenoid
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The complete closure of rima glottidis is called "_____".
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effort closure
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The inferior thoracic aperture of the ribcage is filled by what?
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the diaphragm
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The complete closure of rima glottidis is called "_____".
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effort closure
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The complete closure of rima glottidis is called "_____".
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effort closure
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The complete closure of rima glottidis is called "_____".
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effort closure
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The complete closure of rima glottidis is called "_____".
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effort closure
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The inferior thoracic aperture of the ribcage is filled by what?
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the diaphragm
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The inferior thoracic aperture of the ribcage is filled by what?
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the diaphragm
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The inferior thoracic aperture of the ribcage is filled by what?
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the diaphragm
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The inferior thoracic aperture of the ribcage is filled by what?
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the diaphragm
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What are the three parts of the sternum, top to bottom?
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manubrium, body, and xiphoid
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What are the three parts of the sternum, top to bottom?
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manubrium, body, and xiphoid
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What are the three parts of the sternum, top to bottom?
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manubrium, body, and xiphoid
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What are the three parts of the sternum, top to bottom?
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manubrium, body, and xiphoid
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What are the three parts of the sternum, top to bottom?
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manubrium, body, and xiphoid
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The position of the vocal folds relative to each other determines the amount of air that will flow through the _______.
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rima glottidis
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The shape of the rima glottidis is altered by movements of the ______ joints.
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cricoarytenoid
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The complete closure of rima glottidis is called "_____".
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effort closure
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The inferior thoracic aperture of the ribcage is filled by what?
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the diaphragm
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What are the three parts of the sternum, top to bottom?
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manubrium, body, and xiphoid
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The head of the rib articulates with what? And when there is a head, there must always be a what?
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the vertebrae. a neck
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The costal groove of the rib protects what?
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the intracostal neurovascular bundle
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