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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How is good nutrition in kids evaluated?
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Growth chart.
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What is the expected growth for a newborn?
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Newborn should double body weight by 6 mos. and triple birth weight by a year.
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From childhood to an adult body, how much should an adolescents body weight change?
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It should double.
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After the second year of life, how much weight should children be gaining?
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1 lb every 3 mos.
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What is the avg. weight at birth?
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7 lbs.
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How much of brain growth is achieved in first 3 years of life?
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2/3, that's why kids look like a melon
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What is the avg weight and height of a 4 yr old?
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40 lbs and 40 inches.
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What is the avg weight and height of a 7 yr old?
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49 lbs and 49 inches.
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What is the avg height gain of a child per year until puberty?
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5-6 cm/year
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During puberty growth spurt, how much height does an adolescent gain? What happens to weight?
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10-12 cm/year, weight doubles
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Where do calories come from, prior to age 2?
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50% of all calories should come from fat!
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Prior to age 2, why do kids need 50% of all their calories coming from fat?
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B/c of the myelinization going on in the young nervous system. Myelin need fat to develop.
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After 2 years of age, what guidelines should parents follow for calories? What are those guidelines?
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Adult guidelines for calories: 30% fat, 30% protein, 40% carbs
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1.Is "baby-megaly" an indication of obesity in later life?
2.At what age is weight more indication of obesity in later life? |
1.NO
2.2 years |
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What fat soluble vitamins are important early on?
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DEAK!
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During what age of the baby does breast mile change consistency?
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4-6 mos.
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During what age are supplements to formula and solid food added to a baby's diet?
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4-6 mos.
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What happens if solid food is added to a baby's diet before 4 months or after 6 months?
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There is increased likelihood of developing allergies.
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What are 2 important minerals during infant and adolescent years?
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Ca and Iron.
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Babies with Iron deficiency may have what problem?
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Devleopmental Delay.
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How many calories are needed for growth in a newborn?
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100Kcal/kg/day
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1.Do babies with BPD need more or less caloreis?
2.What about babies with Down syndrome? |
1.more
2.less |
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1.What happens to newborn weight during the first 2 weeks of life? (especially those breast fed)
2.What should happen to birth weight after the first 2 weeks? |
1.Babies loose 10% of their birth weight.
2.Weight should return back to original birth weight. |
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After the first 2 weeks, how much weight should a baby be gaining?
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1 oz per day
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At one month, what does a babies intake average?
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4 oz intake every 4 hours
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After what age does adult kcal intake apply?
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12 years
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What is a quick and dirty formula to determine kcal intake?
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1000 + 100(years in age)
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How much Ca is important for adolescent females?
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1500 mg/day
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How much Ca is important for adult women?
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1000 mg/day
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After age 2, how much fat intake should a child have?
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Same as adult guidelines: 10% of each type of the three fats, totaling 30% of caloric intake
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Under age 2, how much of the diet should be made up of fat? And what kind of fat
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50% of diet made up of ANY fat
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For parents that complain their children don't eat, how much food should they be given their child?
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Size of child's fist is how big their stomach is. So think about how much food fits in that size.
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With CF, what does one have to worry about?
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Fat soluble vitamins being lost in stool.
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With CP, what does one have to watch out for?
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Constipating foods (bananas, peanut butter, cheese)
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Children who drink goat's milk instead of cow's milk end up with what?
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Megaloblastic anemia, b/c they are short on folate.
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With Hirchsprungs disease, what does one have to watch out for?
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Constipating foods.
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1.For CHD, what does one have to be careful with?
2.For CHD, what is the biggest issue to worry about? |
1.Be careful with how you give calories, avoid giving too much fluid.
2.Not having enough calories to grow. |
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1.For extreme premature babies, what does one have to be careful about?
2.What does formula increase the risk of? And what is protective against this risk? |
1.Be careful about solute
2.Necrotizing intercolitis, breast feeding is protective |
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What are the physicial characteristics of kids with Prader Willi?
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Almond shaped eyes, small hands, feet, genitalia
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What are children with Prader Willi in danger of?
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Obesity, Type II Diabetes
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Put locks on fridges so that kids don't go after food
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In children with Down Syndrome, what must be careful with?
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Overfeeding; can be hypothermic with low metabolic rates
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1.At what age should one start screening for hyperlipidemia?
2.What is a common cause of hyperlipidemia at a young age? |
1.Age 5
2.apoprotein E receptor issue |
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What foods should not be given to children with hyperlipidemia?
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Avocado, guacamole, coconut, nut oils, etc.
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What is Rickets caused by?
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Vitamin D deficiency
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In the US, what type of Rickets exists?
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Vitamin D Resistant Rickets: kidneys are losing important elements for bone growth.
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Who is at biggest risk for Vit D Deficient rickets?
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African Americans in northern climates that are solely breast fed.
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Why are kids iron deficient?
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Milk anemia-->xs milk intake greater than 24 oz milk/day-->gut microsensitivity-->lose a little bld in stomach which goes out into stool
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In whom is Ca deficiency most important?
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Females
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Iron deficiency results in what type of bld disorder?
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Microcytic hypochromic anemia: small, pale cells with low iron
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What is the pneumonic for illnesses that result in microcytic anemia?
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TAILS (Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Iron deficiency, Lead, Sideroblastic Anemia)
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What is the Mentzer index?
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Measure of MCV/RBC
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12 or greater on the Mentzer index results in what?
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Fe deficiency.
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11 or less on the Mentzer index results in what?
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Thalassemia.
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What is the main differential diagnosis for Fe deficiency?
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Thalassemia, is often mistreated with Fe supplements after a misdiagnosis of Fe deficiency.
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How is an Fe deficiency treated?
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Fe supplements over 3 mos.
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A deficiency in vit. K results in what?
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Hemorrhagic disease of newborn.
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Newborn delivered at home presents to ER after mom denotes vomiting up blood and bloody stool at one week of life--what is your diagnosis?
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Hemorrhagic disease of newborn with a deficiency in Vit. K--baby born at home, didn't get early Vitamin K.
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What does thiamine deficiency result in?
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Mucusitis and glossitis.
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What is thiamine deficiency caused by?
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Alcohol.
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6 mo. old present to clinic with mother who is a known alcoholic and is strictly breastfeeding. What do you think the baby will be deficient in, and what signs/symptoms will you be looking for?
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Thiamine deficiency, similar to alcoholic symptoms in the ER. A lot of mucusitis and glossitis. Imp. to ask if moms are taking prenatal vitamins!
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If a baby is only fed goat's milk, what does this cause? why?
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Megaloblastic Anemia b/c of folate deficiency.
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What is special about the PMN's in megaloblastic anemia?
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They are hypersegmented!
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What are the physical characteristics of scurvy?
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gingivitis, dermatitis, corkscrew curly hairs on forearm
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Popeye
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Back in the day, sailors,when traveling abroad, brought this with them on ships to avoid the following symptoms. What is the deficiency and diagnosis?
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Limes to prevent scurvy.
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What are the characteristics of Rickets in a baby?
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1.Anterior fontanelles slow to close
2.Bony necklace 3.Rochetic Rosary 4.Curve bones 5.Big wrists due to loss of Calcium 6.Harrison's groove |
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