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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of solutions? |
1. Isotonic
2. Hypertonic
3. Hypotonic |
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An isotonic solution is equal in osmolality to
_________________________________. |
A normal patient's plasma |
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Hypertonic solutions are __________________
in osmolality than normal patient's plasma. |
HIGHER |
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Hypotonic solutions are ______________________
in osmolality than normal patient's plasma. |
LOWER |
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Is there a fluid shift in isotonic solutions? |
NO |
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Hypertonic solutions: fluid shifts _____________. |
OUT OF the cells |
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Hypotonic solutions: fluid shifts ______________. |
INTO the cells |
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Isotonic solutions = __________% NaCl |
0.9% NaCl |
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Hypertonic solutions = __________% NaCl |
1.8% NaCl |
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Hypotonic solutions = ____________% NaCl |
0.4% NaCl |
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What is osmotic pressure? |
the pressure required to prevent movement of H20 into a solution containing solutes
(when they are separated by a permeable membrane - the RBC membrane) |
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What are solutes? |
dissolves in a solvent (soluble) |
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What is a solvent? |
part of a solution in the largest amount
Ex. LIQUID |
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What is the meniscus? |
where the curvature of water meets the line
(bottom of curve is your measuring line) |
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What type of solution pulls liquid INTO cells? |
Hypotonic |
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What type of solution pulls liquid OUT of cells? |
hypertonic |
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Intracellular fluid of RBCs is a solution of what 4 things? |
salt
glucose
protein
HgB |
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A 0.9% NaCl solution is ________________. |
Isotonic |
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Give one example of a hypotonic solution. |
Distilled water |
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What happens to RBCs in a hypertonic solution? |
They shrink and become crenated or collapsed. |
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What happens to RBCs in an isotonic solution? |
Nothing - they are in osmotic equilibrium.
No fluid shift |
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Give an example of a hypertonic solution. |
1.8% NaCl solution |
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What happens to RBCs in a hypotonic solution? |
They swell and the integrity of the membrane is disrupted. |
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When the RBC membrane is damaged, (due to a hypotonic solution) what happens? |
HgB escapes from the cell (hemolysis), which dissolves in the hypotonic solution. |
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Osmotic fragility tests determine the resistance
of RBCs to __________________ based on the
integrity of their _____________ ______________. |
hemolysis
cell wall |
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The integrity of the cell wall may be
compromised due to ___________________,
especially _____________ ____________________. |
disease
ideopathic anemias |
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What two things are indications of cell instability? |
swelling
hemolysis |
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In what diseases / conditions might you see cell
instability (swelling / hemolysis)? (4) |
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Name a type of RBC that has swollen up due to auto-immune hemolytic anemia |
spherocyte |
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How many test tubes are used in an osmotic fragility test and what is in them? |
3 test tubes:
1. + Control (RBCs in Distilled H2O) 2. Patient sample 3. - Control (RBCs in isotonic / 0.9% NaCl) |
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What does the osmotic fragility test confirm? |
Hemolytic anemia |
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In an osmotic fragility test, if the patient sample is pink with no precipitation, what is the result? |
Positive for hemolytic anemia |
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In an osmotic fragility test, if the patient sample has a clear supernatant with RBC precipitation in the bottom of the tube, what is the result? |
Negative for hemolytic anemia |
