Osmosis And Diffusion

Front 1

cell transport

Back 1

substances and chemicals moving in and out of cells

Front 2

what goes into the cell?

Back 2

water, sugars, proteins, carbohydrates, starches, light, oxygen, salts and minerals

Front 3

what goes out of the cell?

Back 3

carbon dioxide, water, excess salts

Front 4

some molecules can pass through the cell wall/membrane naturally, such as

Back 4

water molecules; they have a neutral charge and can take other things with them

Front 5

diffusion

Back 5

the movement of particles along a concentration gradient from a high concentration to a low concentration

Front 6

cause of diffusion

Back 6

rapid and random collisions thousands of times each second

passive process that requires no energy

Front 7

equilibrium

Back 7

a state where the particles are evenly spread

Front 8

active transport

Back 8

particles moved up a concentration gradient using energy

Front 9

channel proteins

Back 9

form pores in the membrane for charged particles to diffuse down (specific)

lie in membrane and stretch from one side to the other

Front 10

carrier proteins

Back 10

move large molecules in and out of the cell

protein changes shape when molecule is attached and releases it on the other side of the membrane

Front 11

osmosis

Back 11

the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Front 12

solutions

Back 12

made of a solvent (doing the dissolving)

and a solute (material dissolved)

Front 13

hypo

Back 13

less

Front 14

iso

Back 14

same

Front 15

hyper

Back 15

greater

Front 16

hypotonic solution

Back 16

animal cell: lysed - too much water going in

plant cell: turgid - too much water going in but normal for plants

Front 17

isotonic solution

Back 17

animal cell: normal (equal amounts of water entering and leaving)

plant cell: flaccid (equal amounts of water entering and leaving)

Front 18

hypertonic solution

Back 18

animal cell: shriveled (too much water leaving)

plant cell: plasmolysed (too much water leaving)