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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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isotonic |
no change in cell volume |
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pressure units |
force per unit area (mmHg) |
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semipermeable membrane |
permeable to water not permeable to solute |
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Why is osmosis of water slower than diffusion |
water molecules move as a group due to small separation between adjacent molecules and hydrogen bonding |
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osmolality |
osmoles or mOsm per kg of water |
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olsmolarity |
osmoles or mOsm per liter of water can be used to compare any two solutions and relationship is reciprocal this alone cannot tell you what happens to cell volume |
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osmotic coefficient |
accounts for disassociation of a solute. For NaCl, it's less than 1.0 meaning it doesn't completely dissociate |
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osmosis occurs across which 3 major barriers? |
1. cell membranes 2. epithelial barriers in kidney, GI, skin, etc. 3. vascular endothelium |
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tonicity |
compares a solution and a cell, and is used to describe only a solution. I.e. if a cell's volume increases to create equilibrium, the solution is hypotonic to the red cell --dependent on the non-penetrating solute (NaCl, glucose, etc) |
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hypertonic solution |
decreases cell volume |
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hypotonic solution |
increases cell volume |
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urea |
small solute, penetrating solute in the RBC transported into cell using UTB |
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3 most important solutes when talking about plasma |
Na+, Cl-, HCO3- |
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NaCl |
osmotically active due to Na+/K+ ATPase activity which removes Na+ that enters cell keeping the steady state intracellular level of NaCl low |
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Glucose |
osmotically active. non-penetrating solute even though it enters the cell |
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urea |
not used in calculating effective osmolality (tonicity) of plasma b/c it can easily distribute across cell membranes |
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intracellular osmolality due to |
potassium, organic phosphates, proteins |
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epithelial barriers permeability |
not permeable to large or small solutes |
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endothelial barrier |
not permeable to large solutes, but small solutes move through monolayer between cells easily and rapidly |
