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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flexor tenosynovitis- Dx
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Kanavel's Sign's
-held in slight flexion -uniform swelling of entire digit -intense pain with extension percussion -tenderness along tendon sheath |
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radial nerve exam- sensory
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dorsal webspace between thumb and index finger
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radial nerve exam- motor
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extension at MCPs and at wrist
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ulnar nerve exam-sensory
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Palmer aspect of pinky
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ulnar nerve exam-motor
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flexion at wrist (flexor carpi ulnaris)
1st/2nd interossei FDP ring/pinky finger |
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median nerve exam-motor
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FDP index finger
opponens pollicis |
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median nerve exam-sensory
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palmer surface of index/middle fingers
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Rotator Cuff Exam-
Supraspinatus |
Empty can test- with the shoulder abducted 90 degrees, flexed 30 deg and then maximally internally rotated;
- downward pressure is resisted primarily by the supraspinatus |
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Rotator Cuff Exam-
Infraspinatus |
dropping sign:
- tests power of external rotation at 0 deg of abduction; - patients forearm is placed in 45 deg of external rotation, and patient is asked to externally rotate against examiner's hand; - if the patient's arm falls back to 0 deg of external rotation then a positive test is recorded; |
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Rotator Cuff Exam-
Teres Minor |
hornblower's sign:
- power of external rotation in 90 deg of abduction in the scapular plane; - the examiner places the patient's forearm in 90 deg flexion w/ maximal external rotation; - the examiner's other hand is used to judge external rotation force; - when the examiner's hand is released a positive test is recorded if the patient is unable to externally rotate; - 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity for irreparable degeneration of teres minor; |
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Rotator Cuff Exam-
Subscapularis |
positive lift-off test
- indicates a tear of the subscapularis - patient is unable to lift the hand away from his back while maximally internally rotated |
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corticospinal tract
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lies in postero-lateral segment of cord
ipsilateral motor |
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spinothalamic tract
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lies in anterolateral cord
contralateral pain and temperature |
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posterior column
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ipsilateral proprioception, vibration and some light touch
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C5 dermatome
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over deltoid
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C6 dermatome
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over thumb
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C7 dermatome
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middle finger
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C8 dermatome
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little finger
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T4 dermatome
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nipple
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T8 dermatome
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xiphosternum
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T10 dermatome
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umbilicus
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T12 dermatome
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symphysis pubis
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L4 dermatome
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medial aspect of calf
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L5 dermatome
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webspace between 1st and 2nd toes
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S1 dermatome
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lateral aspect if foot
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S3 dermatome
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ischial tuberocity
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S3/S4 dermatome
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perianal region
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C5 myotome
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deltoid
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C6 myotome
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wrist extensors
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C7 myotome
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elbow extensors (triceps)
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C8 myotome
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finger flexors
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T1 myotome
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small finger abductors (abductor digiti minimi)
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L2 myotome
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hip flexors (ileopsoas)
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L3/L4 myotome
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knee extensors (quads, patellar reflexes)
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L4/L5/S1 myotome
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knee flexion
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L5 myotome
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ankle and big toe dorsiflex
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S1 myotome
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ankle plantar flexors (gastrocnemius, soleus)
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central cord syndrome
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typically vascular compromise in anterior spinal artery distribution due to hyperextension injury
greater loss of power in upper vs lower extremities |
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anterior cord syndrome
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typically infarction of the cord in anterior spinal artery territory
paraplegia, loss of pain and temperature: posterior column function is preserved |
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Brown-Sequard syndrome
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cord hemisection
ipsilateral motor and proprioceptive loss and contralateral pain and temperature loss |
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Jefferson fracture
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C1 burst fx
usually due to axial loading Unstable |
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C1 rotary subluxation
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more often in kids
can present as torticolis immobilize in the rotated position! |
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odontoid (dens) fracture
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type I- tip
type II- base type III- base through axis (C2) body |
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hangman's fracture
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fx of C2 posterior elements with traumatic spondylolisthesis
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chance fracture
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transverse fracture through vertebral body usually T or L spine can be associated with retroperitineal/abdominal visceral injuries
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blunt cervical vascular injury
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indications for screening-
C1-C3 fracture -other C-spine fx with subluxation -fx involving foramen transversarium |
