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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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APPREHENSION TEST
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The patient is seated Shoulder is slowly abducted and externally rotated.
for dislocation |
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hamiltons test
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. Examiner places a strait edge (ruler) at the lateral border of the affected shoulder from the acromion to the elbow.
dislocation |
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Assessment for Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow
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cozens test
mills test |
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Assessment for Medial Epicondylitis
to test: Seated patient slightly flexes the elbow. Hand and wrist are supinated. Examiner applies steady pressure to the supinated hand in attempt to extend the elbow and wrist. Patient resists this movement with active flexion |
GOLFER’S ELBOW TEST
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Assessment for Medial or Lateral Collateral Ligament Instability at the Elbow
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ELBOW LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY or abduction/adduction test or valgus/vagus test
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Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Median Nerve Palsy
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phalen's sign (reverse prayer)
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Tenosynovitis of thumb/wrist
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finkelstein test
+=pain in snuff box abductor pollicus longus and abductor pollicus brevis |
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Assessment for Congenital Dislocation of the Hip Articulation
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hip telescoping test
The patient is supine. Examiner flexes the affected hip to 90 degrees and the knee to 90 degrees. The femur is pushed toward the examining table and then pulled up from the table. If the test is positive, a distinct pistoning of the hip is noted. |
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Assessment for Femoral Portion Structural Deficiency or Tibial Portion Structural Deficiency
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allis test
look at patient's bent knee from front of table and at side of table side: front of table:femoral deficiency or tibial length discrepency side of table:it indicates femoral length discrepancy (dysplasia) or ipsilateral coxa pathology (dislocation |
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MILL’S TEST how to perform
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Patient seated. Examiner passively and fully flexes the patient’s elbow, then flexes patient’s wrist. The patient’s fingers are fully flexed. The forearm, wrist, and hand are all fully flexed in supination. The examiner maintains wrist and finger flexion while extending the elbow. At maximum elbow extension, with the wrist and fingers still flexed, the forearm is pronated
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test for meniscus
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APLEY’S COMPRESSION / DISTRACTION TEST
†BOUNCE HOME TEST MCMURRAY’S TEST †STEINMAN’S TEST |
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Anterior Drawer: The patient is lying supine; the knee is flexed to ninety degrees. The patient’s foot is held on the table by the examiner. The tibia is pulled forward on the femur. Normal movement is approximately 6 mm
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drawer test
for cruciate ligament etc |
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The patient is supine. The patient’s knee is held between full extension and 30 degrees of flexion. The patient’s femur is stabilized with one hand as the tibia is moved forward.
mushy end feel is felt =+ |
LAUCHMAN’S TEST
ACL problem |
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The patient is lying supine, and the affected knee is in full extension. With the flat of the hand, the examiner compresses the patella against the femur. If this produces point tenderness and pain at the patellar margin, the sign is present. If no pain is produced, the patella is then rubbed transversely, against the femur.
patellar tracking disorder |
FOUCHET’S (PATELLA GRINDING) TEST
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CLARKE’S SIGN how to test
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The patient is lying supine with the affected knee extended. The examiner presses down with the web of the hand at a side that is slightly proximal to the upper pose or base of the patella. The examiner pushes the patella into an inferior position, which stretches the quadriceps muscles and tendon. The patient is instructed to contract the quads as the examiner restricts the movement of the patella slightly by continuing to press down (not completely blocking patellar movement).
+=Chondromalacia Patellae |
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The patient is supine with the knee extended. Pressure is applied over the patella.
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PATELLA BALLOTTEMENT TEST
+ if feel for floating |
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The patient is seated, with the quadriceps muscles relaxed and the knee flexed to 30 degrees over the examiner’s leg. The examiner gently and slowly pushes the patella laterally. If the patella feels as if it is about to dislocate, the patient will contract the quads to bring the patella back in line
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apprehension test
+= pain also for dislocation of knee recurrent |
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tests for hip dislocation
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alli's test
hip teloscoping test |
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Grade 1: <33%
Grade 2: 33-50% Grade 3: >50% A-P view and Frog-leg view Still growing bone; there is a disrelationship of head of femur |
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
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Unhappy Triad what 3 structures
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Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament Medial meniscus (more commonly injured because more firmly attached and there is a valgus angle at the knee) (more in females than males) External rotation of tibia with flexion |
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Associated with rapid growth spurt
Grade 1: <33% Grade 2: 33-50% Grade 3: >50% A-P view and Frog-leg view Still growing bone; there is a disrelationship of head of femur loss internal rotation Best diagnostic sign: when knee flexed there is external rotation and abduction (thigh rolls |
slipped capital femoral epiphyis
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McMurray's test, snapping or clicking can be associated with
Runs down along medial femoral condyle In proximity to meniscus |
synovial plica
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due to overloading and blood flow disturbance usually affecting medial femoral condyle--bulge due to partial seperation of bone fragment
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osteochondritis dissecans
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very painful softening of cartilage
bits of cartilage can come free in joint cause synovial effusion large q angle muscle imbalances: vastus medialis |
chondromalcia
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avascular necrosis types:
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Brailsford disease: radial head
Burns disease: humeral trochlea 2. Freiberg disease - second metatarsal head 3. Keinböck disease - lunate 3. Köhler disease - tarsal navicular 4. Legg-Calves-Perthes - femoral head 5. Panner disease - capitellum |
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Affects medial tibial plateau
Cause of severe genu verum (bowlegged) Distortion in tibia Sometimes bracing used to correct Can be unilateral or bilateral Q angle is varus Normal progression in infant to toddling from walking (varus) then into valgus (knock-knee) (lateral shifting in gait) |
blout's disease
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what is genu varum and valgum
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varum: bowlegged
valgum=knock knee |
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avascular necrosis of 2nd metatarsal head
Difference in size and density, flattening of head, irregularity in joint Associated more commonly in women (usually with wearing high heels but may be idiopathic) Forefoot pain |
Freiberg's Disease
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Tarso navicular
Painful limp may walk on outside of foot to relieve pain Self-limiting Usually age 4-5 |
Köhler’s Disease
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Defined as idiopathic avascular necrosis of the epiphysis f the femoral head (capital femoral epiphysis)
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1. Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
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tests for what disease:
"Roll" test for muscle spasm - motion palpation of hip r. Atrophy with tape measurer If it occurs after 12 years of age, it is referred to as Adolescent ischemic necrosis |
1. Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
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Progressive Stages in Joint Pathology of RA
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1. Starts with inflammation and enlargement (synovitis)
2. Progression of inflammation with pannus formation; beginning destruction of cartilage and mild osteoporosis 3. Subsidence of inflammation: fibrous ankylosis 4. Bony ankylosis; advanced osteoporosis |
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Stage 2: of RA involves
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Pannus: hypertrophy of synovial villi and white cells migrated into area: very destructive
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rheumatid nodules seen where in body
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lungs in RA patients
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Determination of skeletal maturation
Scale from 1-5 for scoliosis |
risser sign
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Also x-ray left wrist and hand because this x-ray can be compared with
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with Greulich and Pyle atlas, compares chronologic age with bone age
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structural vs nonstuctural scoliosis
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structural: curve is flexible and corrects on one side bending toward convex side
structural: fails to correct on bending side |
