Orthopedics

Front 1

AKA

Back 1

above-the-knee amputations

Front 2

BKA

Back 2

below-the-knee amputation

Front 3

C1-C7

Back 3

cervical vertebrea

Front 4

DEXA, DXA

Back 4

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Front 5

DJD

Back 5

degenerative joint disease

Front 6

Fx

Back 6

fracture

Front 7

L1-L5

Back 7

Lumbar vertebrae

Front 8

LLE

Back 8

left lower extremity

Front 9

LUE

Back 9

left upper extremity

Front 10

NSAID

Back 10

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Front 11

OA

Back 11

osteoarthritis

Front 12

ORIF

Back 12

open reduction and internal fixation

Front 13

PT

Back 13

physical therapy or physical therapist

Front 14

RA

Back 14

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 15

RLE

Back 15

right lower extremity

Front 16

ROM

Back 16

range of motion

Front 17

RUE

Back 17

right upper extremity

Front 18

T1-T12

Back 18

thoracic vertebrae

Front 19

THR

Back 19

total hip replacement

Front 20

TKR

Back 20

total knee replacement

Front 21

what is the axial skeleton

Back 21

it forms the central bony structure if the body around which other parts move

consists of the bones of the head chest and back

Front 22

what is the appendicular skeleton

Back 22

consists of the bones of the shoulders, upper extremities hips and lower extremities

Front 23

how many bones are in the body

Back 23

206

Front 24

what is the name, collectivly, of the 3 tiny bones in each middle ear

Back 24

ossicles

Front 25

what is the hyoid

Back 25

it anchors the muscles of the tongue and larynx

is a flat U-shaped bone in the anterior neck

Front 26

How many pairs of ribs

Back 26

12

Front 27

name the three groups of ribs

Back 27

1-7 True Ribs - attached to the vertebrae posteriorly and to the sternum anteriorly by costal cartilage

8-10 False Ribs- attached to the vertebrae posteriorly but indirectly attached to the sternum by costal cartilage

11-12 Floating Ribs- attached to the vertebrae posteriorly but art not attached to the sternum

Front 28

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column

Back 28

cervical (C1-C7)

Thoracic(T1-T12)

Lumbar(L1-L5)

Sacrum

Coccyx

Front 29

what does the Atlas vertebrae and that Axis vertebrae allow and where are they located

Back 29

the atlas(C1) is directly below the occiptal bone of the cranium and forms a joint that allows the head to move up and down

the Axis(C2) is the second vertebrae and fits into the altlas to form a joint that allows the head to move from side to side

Front 30

what is the olecranon

Back 30

a large square pojection that forms the point of the elbow

Front 31

what is the hallux

Back 31

the great toe

Front 32

what are the three types of joints

Back 32

suture joint- between two cranial bones

symphysis joint- a slightly movable joint with a cartilage pad or disk between bones

synovial joint- a fully movable joint. It joins two bones whose ends are covered with articular cartilage

Front 33

what are the two types of syndovial joints

Back 33

hinge joints(elbows and knees)

ball-and-socket joints(shoulder and hips)

Front 34

what are ligaments

Back 34

strong fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold the two bones together in a synovial joint

Front 35

what is the structure of a long bone

Back 35

it has a diaphysis(shaft) and epiphyses(ends)

the epiphyseal plates is where bone growth takes place

Front 36

what is osteoclast

Back 36

breaks down areas of old or damaged bone

Front 37

what is osteoblasts

Back 37

deposites new bone tissue in the area where osteoclast has happened

Front 38

what is osteocytes

Back 38

maintain and monitor the mineral content(calcium, phosphorus) of the bone

Front 39

what is ossification

Back 39

the gradual replacing of cartilage with bone that takes place during childhood and adolescence

Front 40

what is osteosarcoma

Back 40

a malignant bone tumor in which osteoblasts multiply uncontrollably

Front 41

what is osteoma

Back 41

a benign tumor of the bone

Front 42

what is chondroma

Back 42

benign tumor of the cartilage

Front 43

stress fracture

Back 43

a fracture caused by force or torsion during an accident or sports activity

Front 44

pathologic fracture

Back 44

a fracture caused by disease process such as osteoporosis, bone cancer or metastases to the bone

Front 45

malalignment

Back 45

fractures that are allowed to heal without treatment often show signs of this

Front 46

name the ten types of fractures

Back 46

closed

open

nondisplaced

displaced

comminuted

compression

depressed

greenstick

hairline

spiral

Front 47

closed fracture

Back 47

any fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin

Front 48

compound / open fracture

Back 48

any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin

Front 49

nondisplaced fracture

Back 49

broken bone ends remain in their normal anatomical alignment

Front 50

displaced fracture

Back 50

broken bone ends are pulled of of their normal anatomical alignment

Front 51

comminuted fracture

Back 51

bone is broken into several small peices

Front 52

compression fracture

Back 52

vertebrae are compressed together

Front 53

depressed fracture

Back 53

cranium is fractured inward toward the brain

Front 54

greenstick fracture

Back 54

bone is broken on only one side.

occurs in children because part of the bone is still flexible catrilage

Front 55

hairline fracture

Back 55

very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together

Front 56

spiral fracture

Back 56

bone is broken in a spiral because of a twisting force

Front 57

osteomyelitis

Back 57

infection of the bone and bone marrow

Front 58

osteoporosis

Back 58

abnormal thinning of the bone structure

Front 59

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 59

chronic inflammation of the vertabrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spinhe

Front 60

kyphosis

Back 60

humpback

abnormal, excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine

Front 61

lordosis

Back 61

swayback

abnormal excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

Front 62

scoliosis

Back 62

abnormal, excessive C shaped or S shaped lateral curvature of the spine

Front 63

spondylolistheses

Back 63

degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebrae moves anteriorly and slips out of proper alignment die to degeneration of the intervertebral disk

Front 64

arthralgia

Back 64

pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes

Front 65

arthropathy

Back 65

disease of a joint from any cause

Front 66

gout

Back 66

too much uric acid in the blood

Front 67

hemarthrosis

Back 67

blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating woulnd

Front 68

osteoarthritis

Back 68

also known as degenerative joint disease

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints

particularly in the large weight bearing joints and joints that move repeatedly

Front 69

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 69

acute and chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue particularly in the joints

RA is a autoimmune disorder in which that patient's own antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue

Front 70

sprain

Back 70

overstretching oor tearing of a ligament around a joint

Front 71

torn meniscus

Back 71

tear of the cartilage pad of the knee because of an injury

Front 72

genu valgum

Back 72

congenital deformity in which the knees or rotated toward the midline and are abnormally close together and the lower legs are bent laterally

knock-knee

Front 73

genu varum

Back 73

congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated laterally away from each other and the lower legs are bent toward the midline

bowleg

Front 74

hallux valgus

Back 74

deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes

bunion

Front 75

arthrography

Back 75

procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that in injected into a joint

An x-ray or CT scan is then taken

Front 76

bone density test

Back 76

a procedure that measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occured

BMD or DEXA

Front 77

closed reduction

Back 77

procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment without the need for surgery

Front 78

orthosis

Back 78

orthopedic device such as a brace, splint,or collar that is used to immobilize a body part and keep it straight or correct and orthopedic problem

Front 79

prosthesis

Back 79

orthopedic device such as an artificial leg for a patient who has has amputation of a limb

Prosthetic device

Front 80

amputation

Back 80

procedure to remove all of part of an extremity because of a trauma, cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus

BKA-below the knee

AKA-above the knee

Front 81

arthroscopy

Back 81

procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint

Front 82

external fixation

Back 82

procedure used to treat a complicated fracture

metal pins inserted into the bone on either side of the fracture and connected to a metal frame. this immobilizes the fracture

Front 83

arthroplasty

Back 83

joint replacement surgery

THR-total hip replacement

Front 84

open reduction and internal fixation

Back 84

procedure to treat a complicated fracture

opening the skin to visualize the fracture then an internal fixation procedure is done using screws, nails, or plates to hold the fracture fragments in correct anatomical alignment

ORIF

Front 85

arthr/o-

Back 85

joint

Front 86

chondr/o-

Back 86

cartlage

Front 87

spondyl/o-

Back 87

vertebrae

Front 88

articul/o-

Back 88

joint

Front 89

myel/o-

Back 89

bone marrow

Front 90

alg/o-

Back 90

pain