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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many joints make up the shoulder complex?
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4
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Which 4 joints comprise the shoulder complex?
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Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular Glenohumeral Scapulothoracic |
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Name 5 categories of disease that affect the shoulder complex.
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1) Dislocation
2) Rotator cuff disease 3) AC joint pathology 4) Clavicular fracture 5) Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) |
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Which joint is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body?
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Glenohumeral joint
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What are the two principle types of shoulder dislocation?
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Anterior shoulder dislocation and posterior shouler dislocation
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Which type of shoulder dislocation is most common?
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Anterior dislocation
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What percentage of shoulder dislocations are anterior?
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90% (10% posterior)
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Name 2 mechanisms leading to anterior shoulder dislocation.
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Abduction + external rotation of the arm
Blow to posterior shoulder |
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How will a person with an anterior shoulder location usually hold his/her arm?
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Slight abduction with internal rotation
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Which motion at the shoulder joint is blocked with posterior shoulder dislocation?
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External rotation
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A "squared off shoulder" is a clinical sign of...
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Anterior shoulder dislocation
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Name two tests used to evaluate for anterior shoulder dislocation.
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Apprehension test
Relocation test |
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Describe the apprehension test
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...
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Describe the relocation test...
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...
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Which three X-ray views are ordered to visualize the shoulder?
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AP
Trans-scapular Axillary |
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What is the X-ray finding in posterior dislocation of the shoulder?
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...
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How is an anterior shoulder dislocation managed?
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Closed seduction with IV sedation and muscle relaxation
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What are the two methods employed to reduce an anterior shoulder dislocation?
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1) Traction-counteraction technique
-assistant stabilizes torso with a folded sheet wrapped across the chest while the MD applies gentle steady traction 2) Stimson technique -patient lies prone with arm hanging over table edge, a 5 lb weigth is hyung from wrist for 15-20 mins |
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Describe three mechanisms leading to posterior shoulder dislocation.
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1) FOOSH
2) "3 E's": epileptic seizure, ETOH, electrocution 3) Blow to anterior shoulder |
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How does a patient with posterior shoulder dislocation classically hold his arm?
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Slight adduction with internal rotation
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Which movement is blocked with posterior dislocation?
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External rotation
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What imaging is employed to investigate a possible posterior shoulder dislocation?
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Radiographs:
AP Axillary Trans-scapular |
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Describe the spectrum of disease affecting the rotator cuff.
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Ranges from impingement to tendonitis to micro and macro tears
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What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
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SITS
Supraspinatous Infraspinatous Teres minor Subscapularis |
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What is the proximate cause of rotator cuff pathology?
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Narrowing of subacromial space
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What are the two types of shoulder dislocation?
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AC joint dislocation (“separation”)
Glenohumeral dislocation |
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Which nerve is most likely to be injured by a shoulder injury?
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Axillary nerve
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What is the treatment for a partial rotator cuff tear?
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Physiotherapy
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When do you surgically repair a rotator cuff tear?
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ONLY when it’s a complete tear
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