Orthopaedic -Common Terms- Unm Pa

Front 1

Abduction

Back 1

The movement of a body part AWAY from the midline

Front 2

Adduction

Back 2

the movement of a body part TOWARDS the midline

Front 3

Ankylosis

Back 3

Marked stiffness of a joint, typically observed with end stage arthritis; followin a complex intra-articular fracture;; delayed treatment of septic arthritis; or severe rheumatoid arthritis.

Front 4

Arthrodesis

Back 4

The surgical fusion of a joint. This procedure removes articular cartilage, positioning adjacent bones to promote bone growth across the joint. Purpose: pain relief, unstable joint stabilization

Front 5

Arthroplasty

Back 5

Procedure to replace or mobilize a joint. Often to replace an arthritic surface with an implant. Can be a total joint replacement or a hemiarthroplasty if only one side.

Front 6

Capsule

Back 6

A collagenous structure that surrounds a joint like a sleeve. The capsule allows motion of joints and protects the articular cartilage. Cartilage+ligaments+tendons+bone= stability of joint

Front 7

Cavus

Back 7

Excessive height of the longitudinal arch of the foot

Front 8

Closed Fracture

Back 8

A fracture that doesn't disrupt surrounding skin

Front 9

Closed reduction

Back 9

A procedure to restore normal alignment of a fractured bone or dislocated joint; no incision needed.

Front 10

Comminuted

Back 10

A fracture that has more than two fragments.

Front 11

Condyle

Back 11

A rounded process at the end of a long bone.

Front 12

Cox, Coxa

Back 12

Hip, coxa vara is a varus (adduction) deformity of the hip. Coxa valgus is aligned in the opposite direction.

Front 13

Cubitus

Back 13

Elbow, cubitus varus is a bowing (adduction) deformity. cubitus valgus is in the opposite direction.

Front 14

Delayed union

Back 14

a delay in normal fracture healing; not necessarily a pathologic process.

Front 15

Diaphysis

Back 15

The shaft of a long bone.

Front 16

dislocation

Back 16

Complete disruption in the normal relationship of two bones forming a joint. Distal bone position describes type; anterior dislocation of shoulder=humerus anterior to scapula

Front 17

Equinus

Back 17

Plantar flexed position of the ankle

Front 18

Epiphysis

Back 18

The end of a long bone in a chile that is formed from one or more secondary ossification centers.

Front 19

External fixation

Back 19

Stabilization of a fracture or unstable joint by inserting pins into bone proximal and distal to the injury that are attached to an external frame.

Front 20

Fracture

Back 20

Abbreviated Fx. A disruption to the integrity of a bone

Front 21

Fracture-dislocation

Back 21

A fracture of a bone, along with a dislocation of its adjacent joint

Front 22

Genu

Back 22

Knee, Genu valgum is knock-knee deformity; genu varum is a bow-leg deformity.

Front 23

Greeenstick

Back 23

A fracture that disrupts only one side of the bone. This fracture pattern is seen in children because of the greater plasticity of their bones.

Front 24

Hallux

Back 24

The great toe

Front 25

Impacted

Back 25

A fracture pattern in which the fragments are pushed together; therefore, imparting some stability

Front 26

Internal fixation

Back 26

Insertion of a device that stops motion across a fracture or joint to encourage bony healing or fusion.

Front 27

Kyphosis

Back 27

curvature of the spine that is convex posteriorly. "humpback". Opposite of lordosis or swayback.

Front 28

ligament

Back 28

a collagenous tissue that spans to bones to stabilize the joint. Some ligaments are mere thickenings of the joint capsule while other ligaments are distinct structures.

Front 29

Lordosis

Back 29

curvature of the spine that is convex anteriorly. "swayback". Opposite of kyphosis or humpback.

Front 30

Malunion

Back 30

Healing of a fracture in an unacceptable position.

Front 31

Meniscus

Back 31

A fibrocartilage structure interpolated between articular cartilage. In the knee, the medial and lateral meniscus are semicircular structures on the periphery of the joint that act as protective buffers.

Front 32

Metaphysis

Back 32

The broad portion of a long bone adjacent to a joint. In children, this includes: epiphysis+physis+metaphysis

Front 33

Myelopathy

Back 33

An abnormal condition of the spinal cord, through disease of compression, may result in: spasticity, impairment of sensation, impairment of bowel and bladder function.

Front 34

Neuropathy

Back 34

An abnormal condition involving a peripheral nerve.

Front 35

Nonunion

Back 35

Failure of healing of a fracture or osteotomy. With continued motion through a nonunion, a psuedoarthrosis will form.

Front 36

Open Fracture

Back 36

A fracture that disrupts the skin. Requires prompt treatment to avoid infection and osteomyelitis

Front 37

Open reduction

Back 37

An open surgical procedure in which normal or near-normal relationships are restored to a fractured bone or dislocated joint.

Front 38

Osteomyelitis

Back 38

Infection of bone, either bone or mycotic (fungal). May be lifelong and are difficult to treat.

Front 39

Osteotomy

Back 39

Literally a cutting of a bone. Used to describe operative procedures in which a bone is cut and realigned.

Front 40

Percutaneous pinning

Back 40

Insertion of pins into bone through small puncture wounds in the skin for stabilization of a fracture or a dislocation that was realigned by closed reduction.

Front 41

Pes

Back 41

Foot

Front 42

Physis

Back 42

The growth plate. Specialized cartilaginous tissue interposed between the metaphysis and epiphysis in long bones of children. Provides for growth in length of bone.

Front 43

Plantar

Back 43

The sole, or flexor surface of the foot.

Front 44

Planus

Back 44

Flattening of the arch of the foot.

Front 45

Pseudoarthrosis

Back 45

A false joint produced when a fracture of arthrodesis fails to heal.

Front 46

Scoliosis

Back 46

lateral curvature of the spine

Front 47

Spondylolisthesis

Back 47

a slippage or subluxation of one vertebral body on the one below; can be anterior, posterior, or lateral. Common causes: degeneration of disk and/or facet structures in adults, defect in the pars interarticulosis (spondylosis) around/before adolescence.

Front 48

Sprain

Back 48

Partial or complete tear of a ligament.

Front 49

Strain

Back 49

Partial tear of a muscle

Front 50

Subluxation

Back 50

An incomplete disruption in the relationship of two bones forming a joint. Partial dislocation.

Front 51

Synovium

Back 51

Thin membrane lining joint capsule. Two types of synovial cells, type A act as macrophages; type B produce synovial fluid for joint lubrication. marked hypertrophy of the synovium occurs in inflammatory arthritis

Front 52

Tendon

Back 52

A specialized cord of collagenous tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Tendons transmit forces of muscular contraction to cause motion across a joint.

Front 53

Tenosynovium

Back 53

The sheath surrounding a tendon that enhances movement or gliding of the tendon as it transmits muscle forces across joints.

Front 54

Torus

Back 54

A fracture that only buckles one side of the cortex. Typically seen in children because of the greater plasticity of their bones

Front 55

Valgus

Back 55

Angulation of a distal bone away form the midline in relation to its proximal partner. Genu valgum=knock-knee

Front 56

Varus

Back 56

Angulation of a distal bone towards the midline in relation to its proximal partner. Genu varum=bowleg