Ortho Week 1

Front 1

Problems associated with of body systems (including physiological and psychological functions

Back 1

Impairments in body function

Front 2

Problems with anatomical features of the body, such as significant deviation or loss, affecting all body systems

Back 2

Impairments in body structure

Front 3

Difficulties an individual may have in executing actios, task, activities

Back 3

Activity limitations

Front 4

Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations, including difficulties participating in self care, responsibilities in the home, workplace, or the community and recreatonal, leisure, and social activities

Back 4

Participation restrictions

Front 5

The entire background of an individual's life and living situation

Back 5

Contextual Factors

Front 6

Contextual Factors are composed of

Back 6

Environmental Factors

Personal Factors

Front 7

Factors associated with the physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people conduct their lives; factors may facilitate functioning or hinder functioning and contribute to disability

Back 7

Environmental Factors

Front 8

Features of the individual that are not part of the health condition or health state; includes age, gender, race, lifestyle habits, coping skills, character, affect, cultural, and social background, education, etc.

Back 8

Personal Factors

Front 9

Overstretching, overexertion, or overuse of soft tissue: tends to be less severe than a sprain, occurs from slight trauma or unaccustomed repeated trauma of a minor degree

Back 9

Strain

Front 10

This term is frequently used to refer specifically to some degree of disruption of the musculotendinous unit

Back 10

Strain

Front 11

Severe stress, stretch, or tear of soft tissues such as joint capsule, ligament, tendon, or muscle

Back 11

Sprain

Front 12

This term is frequently used to refer specifically to injury of a ligament and is graded as a first (mild), second (moderate), or third (severe) degree sprain

Back 12

Sprain

Front 13

Displacement of a part, usually the bony partners in a joint, resulting in loss of the anatomical relationship and leading to soft tissue damage, inflammation, pain, and muscle spasm

Back 13

Dislocation

Front 14

An incomplete or partial dislocation of the bony partners in a joint that often involves secondary trauma to surrounding soft tissue

Back 14

Subluxation

Front 15

If a rupture or tear is partial, pain is experienced in the region of the breach when the muscle is stretched or when it contracts against resistance

Back 15

Muscle/Tendon Rupture or Tear

Front 16

T/F If the rupture or tear is complete, pain is still present because the muscle pulls against the injury d/t stretching or contraction of the muscle

Back 16

F - the muscle does not pull against the injury anymore

Front 17

The general term that refers to tendon injury affected by mechanical loading

Back 17

Tendinopathy

Front 18

Inflammation of the synovial membrane covering a tendon

Back 18

Tenosynovitis

Front 19

Inflammation of a tendon

Back 19

Tendinitis

Front 20

Present when there is tendinitis

Back 20

Scarring or calcium

Front 21

Inflammation with thickening of a tendon sheath

Back 21

Tenovaginitis

Front 22

Degeneration of the tendon due to repetitive microtrauma

Back 22

Tendinosis

Front 23

Inflammation of a synovial membrane; an excess of normal synovial fluid in a joint or tendon sheath caused by trauma or disease

Back 23

Synovitis

Front 24

Bleeding into a joint, usually due to severe trauma

Back 24

Hemarthrosis

Front 25

Ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or tendon sheath

Back 25

Ganglion

Front 26

May rise after trauma, and they somtimes occur with rheumatoid arthritis

Back 26

Ganglia

Front 27

Inflammation of a bursa

Back 27

Bursitis

Front 28

Bruising from a direct blow, resulting in capillary rupture, bleeding, edema, and an inflammatory response

Back 28

Contusion

Front 29

Repeated, submaximal overload and/or frictional wear to a muscle or tendon resulting in inflammation and pain

Back 29

Overuse syndromes, cumulative trauma, disorders, and repetitive strain injury

Front 30

Loss of normal function of a tissue or region

Back 30

Dysfunction

Front 31

May be caused by adaptive shortening of the soft tissues, adhesions, muscle weakness, or any condition resulting in loss of normal mobility

Back 31

Dysfunction

Front 32

Mechanical loss of normal joint play in synovial joint; commonly causes loss of function and pain

Back 32

Joint Dysfunction

Front 33

Precipitating factors of joint dysfunction may be what?

Back 33

Trauma

Immobilization

Disuse

Aging

Pathological conditions like rheumatoid arthritis

Front 34

Adaptove shortening of skin, fascia, muscle, or a joint capsule that prevents normal mobility or flexibility of that structure

Back 34

Contracture

Front 35

Abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures during immobilization after trauma, or as a complication of surgery, which restricts normal elasticity and gliding of the structures involved

Back 35

Adhesion

Front 36

Prolonged contraction of a muscle in response to a painful stimulus

Back 36

Reflex muscle guarding

Front 37

The primary pain causing lesion may located where?

Back 37

Nearby or underlying tissue, or a referred pain source

Front 38

T/F when the contracting muscle does not functionally splints the injured tissue against movement when the pain is not referred

Back 38

F - It does functionally splints

Front 39

Guarding ceases when the painful stimulus is what?

Back 39

Relieved

Front 40

Prolonged contraction of a muscle in response to the local circulatory and metabolic changes that occur when a muscle is in continued state of contraction

Back 40

Intrinsic Muscle Spasm

Front 41

May also be a response of muscle to viral infection, cold, prolonged periods of immobilization, emotional tension, or direct trauma to muscle

Back 41

Spasm

Front 42

Severity of tissue injury

Back 42

Grade 1 (First-degree)

Grade 2 (Second-degree)

Grade 3 (Third-Degree)

Front 43

Mild pain at the time of injury or within the first 24 hours

Back 43

Grade 1(First-Degree)

Front 44

Mild swelling, local tenderness, and pain occur when the tissue is stressed

Back 44

Grade 1(First-Degree)

Front 45

Moderate pain that requires stopping the activity. Stress and palpation of the tissue greatly increase the pain

Back 45

Grade 2 (Second-Degree)

Front 46

Near-complete or complete tear or avulsion of the tissue (tendon or ligament) with severe pain

Back 46

Grade 3 (Third-Degree)

Front 47

Stress to the tissue is usually painless; palpation may reveal the defect

Back 47

Grade 3 (Third-Degree)

Front 48

___ ligament results in instability of the joint

Back 48

Torn ligament

Front 49

During this stage, signs of inflammation are present

Back 49

Acute Stage

Front 50

Signs of inflammation

Back 50

Swelling

Redness

Heat

Pain at rest

Loss of function

Front 51

During this stage, ROM is painful, patient usually guards against the motion before completion of the range is possible

Back 51

Acute stage

Front 52

This stage usually lasts 4 - 6 days unless the insult is perpetuated

Back 52

Acute stage

Front 53

During this stage, the signs of inflammation progressively decrease and eventually are absent

Back 53

Subacute Stage

Front 54

During this stage, when testing ROM, patient may experience pain synchronous with encountering tissue resistance at the end of the available ROM

Back 54

Subacute Stage

Front 55

This stage usually lasts 10 - 17 days (14 to 21 days after the onset of injury) but may last up to 6 weeks in some tissues with limited circulation, such as tendons

Back 55

Subacute stage

Front 56

There are no signs of inflammation during this stage

Back 56

Chronic Stage

Front 57

During this stage, there may be contractures or adhesions limit range, and there may be muscle weakness that limit normal funtion

Back 57

Chronic Stage

Front 58

In this stage, connective tissue continues to strengthen and remodel in response to the stressed applied to it

Back 58

chronic stage

Front 59

This pain may be felt when testing tight structures at the end of their available range

Back 59

Stretch Pain

Front 60

During this stage, function may be limited by muscle weakness, poor endurance, or poor neuromuscular control.

Back 60

Chronic Stage

Front 61

This stage may last 6 months to 1 year depending on the tissue involved and amount of tissue damage

Back 61

Chronic stage

Front 62

also known as the inflammatory reaction stage

Back 62

Acute stage

Front 63

also known as the proliferation, repair, and healing stage

Back 63

subacute stage

Front 64

also known as the maturation and remodeling stage

Back 64

chronic stage

Front 65

Back 65

stages of tissue healing

Front 66

A state of prolonged inflmmation may occur if injured tissue is continually stressed beyong its ability to repair. There are symptoms of increased pain, swelling, and muscle guarding that last more than several hours after activity

Back 66

Chronic Inflammation

Front 67

A state that persists longer than 6 months. It includes pain that cannot be linked to a source of irritation or inflammation and functional limitations and disability that include physical, emotional, and psychosocial parameters

Back 67

Chronic pain syndrome

Front 68

The inflammatory stage involves theses responses in the tissue

Back 68

Cellular, vascular, and chemical responses in the tissue

Front 69

To minimize msk pain and promote healing, protection is provided via?

Back 69

Rest (splint, tape, cast)

Cold (Ice)

Compression

Elevation

Front 70

should be directed to the structure involved to prevent abnormal adherence of the developing fibrils to surrounding tissue and thus avoid future disruption of the scar.

Back 70

Tissue-Specific movement

Front 71

The intensity (dosage) of movement should be gentle enough so the fibrils are not detached from the site of healing.

Back 71

Intensity of movement

Front 72

Active movement is appropriate in neighboring regions to maintain integrity in uninjured tissue and to aid in circulation and lymphatic flow

Back 72

General movement

Front 73

These should all be applied to prevent immobility

Back 73

Tissue-specific movement

Intensity of movement

General movement

Front 74

Specific interventions and dosages for the acute stage

Back 74

PROM

Low dosage jt mobilization/manipulation techniques

Muscle setting

Massage

Front 75

Intervention for associated areas

Back 75

ROM

Resistance exercise

Functional Activities

Front 76

Occurs due to swelling and immobility during the acute stage

Back 76

Vascular Stasis

Front 77

Back 77

Acute stage/Protection phase

Front 78

Precautions taken during acute stage

Back 78

Proper dosage of rest and movement

Front 79

Contraindication for the acute stage

Back 79

Stretching and resistance exercises should not be performed at the site of the inflamed or swollen tissue

Front 80

During 2nd - 4th days, the inflammations begins to (inc, dec)

Back 80

inc

Front 81

The subacute stage usually lasts around how many days?

Back 81

10 to 17 days, or 14 to 21 days after the onset of injury

Can last up to 6 weeks

Front 82

T/F If the patient feels good about their wound, they may return to normal activity during the subacute stag

Back 82

False, the new tissue is fragile and easily damaged, returning to normal activity may cause exacerbation of symptoms

Front 83

Initiation of active exercises include?

Back 83

Multiple-angle, submaximal isometric exercises

AROM

Front 84

Signs of excessive stress with exercise or activities

Back 84

Exercise or activity soreness that does not decrease after 4 hours and is not resolved ater 24 hours

Exercise or activity that comes on earlier or is increased over the previous session

Progressively increased feelings of stiffness and decreased ROM over several exercise sessions

Swelling, redness, and warmth in the healing tissue

Progressive weakness over several exercise sessions

Decreaed functional usage of the involved part

Front 85

First to atrophy when there is joint swelling, trauma, or immobilization

Back 85

Slow-Twitch muscle fibers

Front 86

Exercises for _______ _____ are emphasized during the subacute phase, because slow twitch fibers atrophy first when there is joint swelling, trauma, or immobilization

Back 86

Muscular Endurance exercises

Front 87

T/F eccentric exercises can be used for non-muscuar injury if they do not reinjure the part

Back 87

T, as long as the resistance is low-intensity to avoid DOMS

Front 88

Intiation and progression of stretching

Back 88

Warm the tissues

Muscle relaxation techniques

Joint mobiliaztion/manipulation

Stretching Techniques

Massage

Use of the new range

Front 89

Back 89

subacute stage

Front 90

Signs of too much motion

Back 90

Resting pain

Fatigue

Increased weakness

Spasm lasting

all lasting beyond 24 hours

Front 91

Causes of chronic inflammation

Back 91

Overuse, cumulative trauma, repetitive strain

Trauma

Reinjury of an "old scar"

Contractures or poor mobility

Front 92

Back 92

Chronic inflammation

Front 93

If there is progressive loss of ROM as the result of stretching, (continue, do not continue) to stretch

Back 93

do not continue

Front 94

the factors that affect reflex muscle contraction are?

Back 94

Trauma

Pain

Inflammation

Infection

Emotional Tension

Cold

Immobilization

Front 95

The self-perpetuating cycle of muscle spasm are as follows

Back 95

Reflex muscle contraction

Restricted movement

Circulatory stasis

Pain

Muscle spasm

repeat

Front 96

What are the signs of too much movement during the acute stage

Back 96

Increased pain or increased inflammation

Front 97

______ and _____-________ exercises may cause added trauma to muscle and are not used in the early subacute stage

Back 97

Eccentric and heavy-resistance exercises

Front 98

Precautions during subacute stage

Back 98

Signs of inflammation or joint swelling is decreased

Some discomfort is present as activity level is progressed, but it should not last longer than a couple of hours.

Front 99

Contributing factors to chronic inflammation

Back 99

Imbalance b/t the length and strength of the muscles

Rapid or excessive repeated eccentric demand

Muscle weakness

Bone malalignment or weak structural support

Change in the usual intensity or demand

Returning to an activity too soon after an injury

Sustained awkward postures or motions

Environmental factors

Age-related factors

Training errors

A combination of several contributing symptoms