Ortho - Spine

Front 1

What is the Oppenheim reflex?

What is an abnormal reflex?

Back 1

Upper motor neuron test - Rub tibial crest proximal to distal --> Toes plantarflex

Abnormal: Toes splay (UMN Lesion)

Front 2

What spinal cord levels are involved in the:

1. Cremasteric reflex?

2. Anal Wink?

3. Bulbocavernosus reflex?

Back 2

1. Cremasteric T12-L1

2. Anal Wink S2-S4

3. Bulbovacernosus S3-S4

Front 3

1. What does the absence of the bulbocavernosus reflex signify?

2. What does the return of the reflex indicate?

Back 3

1. Spinal Shock

2. End of spinal shock - usually within 24 hours

Front 4

What are the symptoms of Brown Sequard Syndrome?

Back 4

1. Loss of Ipsilateral vibration/light touch (Dorsal Columns)

2. Loss of Ipsilateral motor function (Corticospinal)

3. Loss of Contralateral pain/temp (Spinothalamic)

Front 5

1. What are the symptoms of Central Cord Syndrome?

2. What is the etiology?

Back 5

1. Flaccid paralysis of the UEs and spastic paralysis of the LEs with sacral sparing

2. Osteoarthritic spine: Pincer effect of anterior osteophytes and posterior infolding of ligamentum flavum.

Front 6

What are the symptoms of Conus Medullaris Syndrome? (T12-L1)

Back 6

Loss of voluntary bowel and bladder control. Loss of bulbocavernosus reflex.

Front 7

What are the Frankel classifications for spinal cord injury?

Back 7

Grade A: Absent motor and sensory function

Grade B: Absent motor; sensation present

Grade C: Motor present, but not useful (2/5, 3/5); sensation present

Grade D: Motor present and useful (4/5); sensation present

Grade E: Normal motor (5/5) and normal sensory