Ortho Extremities And Cervical

Front 1

lesion of contractile unit: strain 3 phases:

Back 1

1. mild strain: low grade inflammatory reaction; minimal amounts of swelling and edema; some disruption of adjacent fibers.
2. moderate: lacerations of fibers, some hemorrhage into surrounding tissue with inflammatory reaction, edema and swelling.
3. severe: consequence of single violent incident that results in complete disruption of muscle unit. When tendon is torn from bone or pulled apart. When musculotendinous junction ruptures or when muscle ruptures through its belly

Front 2

sprain (tendon) 3 phases

Back 2

1. mild sprain: injury only few ligamentous fibers are severed.
2. moderate sprain: more severe tearing but less than complete separation.
3. severe sprain: complete tearing of ligament from its attachments
4. sprain-fracture: has occurred when ligamentous attachments pulls loose with a fragmented bone (avulsion

Front 3

Inflammation subsides and healing begins
Organization (structural) of blood clot
Granulation tissue and fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix (disorganized)
Increase in collagen concentration/Elastin appears

Back 3

stage II maxtrix and cellular regeneration

Front 4

list stages of healing

Back 4

Phase I: acute inflammation
Phase II: repair/regeneration
Phase III: remodeling/maturation
(Maturation is sometimes Phase IV)

Front 5

Vascularity and cellularity decrease
Density of collagen increases, fibrils increase in diameter
Tensile strength may be only 50-70%

Back 5

stage II maturation/remodeling

Front 6

directed to further reduce symptomatology and improve function through correction of subluxation and its various components; this should enable a patient to perform most normal daily activities without frequent recurrences

Back 6

therapeutic care

Front 7

toward the restoration of optimal strength and flexibility of the musculoskeletal system which allows for optimum nerve function

Back 7

rehabilitation care

Front 8

directed toward monitoring the stability of improvement gained and to reduce the frequency and severity of provocative exacerbations

Back 8

supportive care

Front 9

soft tissue injury grading

Back 9

Grade 1 Mild (microscopic)
Grade 2 Moderate (can involve a large portion of tissue, macroscopic, visually see evidence of tissue damage) (impaired contraction for muscle and laxity for ligament)
Grade 3 Severe (rupture of tissue)

Front 10

Often with other significant injury such as fracture or concussion
Symptoms within 48 hours
15% will never achieve functional recovery
40-70% will permanently have intermittent continuing pain and stiffness but not disabled

Back 10

stage 3 of whiplash severe
3rd degree strain

Front 11

Serious symptoms; 6 months - 2 years recovery
Substantial work loss
Patient may never be "symptom free" but may regain function

Back 11

stage 2 or 2nd degree strain in whiplash

Front 12

stages of impingement

Back 12

stage I: edema and hemmorrage
stage 2: fibrousis and tendonitis results from repeated episoides, not reversible

stage 3: trophic changes in rotator cuff biceps and adjacent bone leading to tendon rupture.

Front 13

impingement caused by what action:

Back 13

repeated motion foward flexion causing inflammation of supra and infraspinatus and biceps

pain worse at night

Front 14

frozen shoulder stages:

Back 14

stage 1: preadhesive
stage 2: acute adhesive synovitis : pain constant, mild stiffness

stage 3: maturation stage:no pain at rest just with motion

stage 4: chronic stage: exteme loss ROM