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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most neck rotation occurs
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- at the atlas and axis
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C3-7 have how many joints each?
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- 3
- disc in the front and paired facet joints in the back |
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Spurling test
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Applying downward pressure while the subject laterally flexes the head. Pain into the extremity toward the same side during compression is a positive sign for nerve root compression. Pain felt in the opposite side is called a REVERSE SPURLING’S SIGN
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Distraction test
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- distract (pull up) the subjects' head from the trunk
- positive = existing complaints disappear |
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Oblique views of the neck woudl be taken if ...
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suspected foraminal narrowing in degenerative diseases
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Acute Disc herniation
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- neck pain, headache, dermatome pain and referred pain to shoulder and medial scap
- BABINSKI SIGN - fasciculations - loss of deep tendon reflexes - MRI needed for DX - Tx= foam collar, pain meds, surgery last resort |
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Cervical Spondylosis
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- stabbing pain in border of arm, neck pain/stiffness
- CHRONIC SUBOCCIPITAL HEADACHE - loss of cervical flexibility, myelopathy - Xray shows ostophytes, disc space narrowing, facet disease - neck collar may halt progression - if very serious = decompressive laminectomy |
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Osteoarthritis
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- asymtomatic but may cause diffuse neck pain, complainst of unsteady walking, urinary frequency and urgency, ELECTRICAL SHOCK SENSATIONS
- Xray shows ostephyte formation anteriorly - cervical collar, rest, analgesics, or PT |
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Thoracic outlet syndrome
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- pain, numbness, and or swelling depending on stucture that is compromised
- pain radiates - paresthesias are common and distributed to the volar aspect of the FOURTH AND FIFTH digits - sensory symptoms may be aggrevated at night - Xray - may show CERVICAL RIB PATHOLOGY - MRI may show impaired blood flow - Tx = local heat, analgesics, muscle relaxants and exercise - surgery only if vascular or neural pathways are severely impaired |
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Torticalis
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- may follow URI or trauma in children
- mass may be felt in SCM - head rotated to one side - TX= active ROM exercises |
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Erbs palsy
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- upper trunk nerve injury of brachial plexus
- MOST COMMON BIRTH RELATED NEUROPRAXIA - lesion of C5 and 6 roots, often from difficult birth - arm hangs at side internally rotated and extenteded at the elbow - may also becaused by a cervical rib - therapy can help if not severe - if no improvement by 6 mon, should have surgery and nerve grafting |
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Dermatomes
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C5 – shoulder & lat. arm
C6 – lat. forearm & thumb C7 – middle finger C8 – little finger T1 – medial forearm & elbow |
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Myotomes
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C5 – elbow flexors
C6 – wrist extensors C7 – elbow extension C8 – finger flexors T1 – finger abductors |
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Spondylosis
Spondylolysis Spondylolithesis |
Spondylosis – degenerative change, osteophytes, disc space changes
Spondylolysis – pars interarticularis defect Spondylolithesis – slipping of one vertebra on another |