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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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t/f with standard growth curves, it's seen that the height and weight rates increase as a percent body size
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F
height and weight rates decline as % body size |
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premature birth babies (born <2500gm) catch up by how many years old?
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by 3 years old.
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if child need HgH and they stop, what happens. why might a kid need hGH?
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hormonal deficiency, congenital heart defect or home psychosocial stress. falls off curve w/o hGH
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is the home psychosocial stress real in gorwth reduction rates?
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yes, put in boarding school = healthier. longer hostile environment = longer side effects.
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t/f excess nutrtion later will compensate for a chronic inadequate diet. t/f kids bigger this century and maturing more quickly
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f. will NOT compensate
t. children larger at all ages and mature more quickly |
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girls are reaching menarche older or younger than before?
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A: girls are getting better nutrition, body ready to be adult earlier, Menarche early
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4 fxn's of oral cavity?
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1. respiration
2. swallowing 3. mastication 4. speech |
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what's the difference b/w respiration in newborn and infant and later?
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newborn: obligate nasal breather
infant: able to open airway by moving mandible down & positioning tongue down and forward. later mouth breathing becomes possible 6m-1yr |
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how does crossbite development relate to respiration?
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can't breath thru nose well, tongue to low posture - narrows max arch, broadens man arch = post crossbite
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where is the infants tongue position during the act of suckling?
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it's a reflex: tongue anteriorly = rest position. suckling reflex ends during 1st year.
(mandibular thrust moves with tongue) |
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when's transition from infant to adult swallowing happen?
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at age 2. drink from cup. lips relaxed. tongue against alveolar process. posterior teeth contact
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1990 study shows __% of 8 YO's have adult swallowing. problem with retained suckling activity?
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60% adult swallowing 40% transition.
problem is anterior open bite & difficult to establish adult swallowing |
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what's the difference between adult and young child masticating?
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adult more consistant - stronger muscles elevating. open straight vertically.
child has lateral movment on opening & irregular chewing patterns |
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if an adult continues with child-like chewing patterns, what is often seen?
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adult with anterior open bite. the transition coincides with eruption of canines, teeth effect pattern, but not the cause of effects
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what are earliest 1, 2,3 & 4 latest sounds made by tongue
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1. P, M, V
2. T, D 3. S, Z 4. R (age 4-5) |
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what are the major events (changes) occurring during adolescence?
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sexual maturity attained -> juvi to adult. growth development. 2ndary sexcharacteristics, sex organs, get fertile, pysiological changes
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what are the advantages of adolescence period for ortho treatment?
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adolescence: mixed to perminant. Mj growth spurt of dentofacial complex and differential growth rate of max/Mand. mand catches up
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what is the endocrine basis (cascade of events) that results in the changes seen in adolescence?
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growth spurt: hypothalamus grf (gonadotropin release factor) via pit portal sys.to ant pit. that release pit gonadotrpins into sys. circulation
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mechanisms: what is the endocrine basis (cascade of events) that results in the changes seen in adolescence?
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gonadotropins target males - testosterone, and female sex hormone
females - estrogen/ progesterone & adrenal cortex also releases additional hormones (even some for males). |
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why are there multiple steps in the regulation of hormone production?
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amplification in 3 stages.
1. gonadotropin releasing factor (x100-1000) 2. pituitary gonadotropin (x1000) 3. sex hormones (steroids) |
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how do females and males typically differ in timing of adolescent changes?
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females 2 years earlier than males (variable). biological (developmental) age not equal to chronological.
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what are the physical characteristics of the stages of adolescence in females and , and where do these fall on a plot of the pubertal growth spurt (on growth rate curves?)
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females: 1. start: breat buds, pubic hair, 1 yr before PHV
2. growth spurt peak, axillary hair, coincides with PHV 3. growth spurt declining: onset of menstration, ending of growth spurt, adult body pattern (hips, body fat distribution) 1-1.5 yr after PHV |
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what are the physical characteristics of the stages of adolescence in and males, and where do these fall on a plot of the pubertal growth spurt (on growth rate curves?)
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pre grow spurt 1. subcutaneous fat (look obese?), scrotal enlargement, 2 yrs before HPV
Start growth spurt 2. fat redistributes, pubic hair, penis grows, 1 yr before PHV peak of growth spurt 3. axillary hair, facial hair on upper lip, muscles grow, with HPV growth ends 4. facial hair on chin, bigger muscles, 1-2 yr after PHV |
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growth cessation: what happens to the particular growth sites when growth ceases?
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maturation occurs, when maturation rate exceeds growth acceleration, growth cessation occurs (seen with epiphyseal plates, sutures, and surface modeling).
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growth cessation: what happens to the particular growth sites when growth ceases?
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epiphyseal plates: cartilage gone, all bone
sutures: adjacent bones fuse, sutures become interlocked surface remodel: greatly reduced |
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why the variability in heights b/w males and females?
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early phv: smaller adult, later, bigger. timing: females phv 2 yrs earlier. silimar size until that growth spurt. epiphyseal plates close slower in males. grow for more time after phv.
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how do dental and skeletal ages compare (correlate) especially in females compared to males?
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variable relative to chronological age. Dental & Skeletal not well correlated. Females skeletal age tends to be ahead of dental age.
Males - dental age ahead of skeletal age |
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how does growth of maxilla compare to mandible during the growth spurt?
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13 y.o. female not much growth remaining, but male has significant growth remaining.
in pubertal growth: mand. growth > max growth. chin becomes more prominang and less convex face profile (variation) |
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orthopedic corrections
protraction facemask chin cup high pull head gear |
protraction facemask - enhance forward max growth
chin cup - reduce forward mand. growth high pull head gear - reduce forward and vertical max growth |
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common methods for assessing chronological, skeletal, dental and developmental (biol) ages?
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chrono - DOB
skeletal - hand/wrist xray dental - eruption pattern developmental - physiological indicators |
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if female pt had ortho concerns, what would be a potential prob. or limitation regarding ortho options if pt waited until all perminant teeth erupted before seeking ortho consult? why less prob for males?
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" work with growth "
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