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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
LABEL: Mixed venous blood, arterial blood, mitochondria, alveolar gas, room air, tracheal gas
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here it is
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at the end of maximal inspiration, alveolar pressure is (<,>,=) to atmospheric pressure
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at the end of MAXIMAL inspiration, alveolar pressure is = to atmospheric pressure
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at the end of normal inspiration, alveolar pressure is (<,>,=) to atmospheric pressure.
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at the end of normal inspiration, alveolar pressure is = to atmospheric pressure.
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What is apnea?
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cessation of breathing
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What kind of respiration would cause abdominal walls to contract?
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during maximal expiration, abdominal walls contract
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Compliance of the lung is measured under a (dynamic/static) condition.
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Static condition. This is when flow equals zero.
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What is the equation for resistance in airway?
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change in pressure/Flow
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HARD:
When flow = zero; (P in mouth-P in airway)/Tracheal Air flow. what does this measure and under what conditions? |
measure compliance of lung under static conditions.
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What happens to lung volume as airway resistance increases
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Lung volume decreases
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Where do parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions innervate in airway and what kind of muscle is innervated?
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innervate smooth muscle withing walls of airway
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What does vagus do to bronchi, what does that do to airway resistance? What neurotransmitter is released by vagus?
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vagus causes bronchoconstriction which increases airway resistance. Acetylcholine (ACh)released.
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what division of ANS causes bronchodilation? what neuroxmitter is released? and what type of receptors receive this bronchodilating neuroxmitter?
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Sympathetic division causes bronchodilation by releasing the neuroxmitter Norepinephrine on smooth muscle.
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describe neuronal activity if lungs were introduced to an irritant such as smoke, dust, or pollen.
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sensory nerve in the vagus will be stimulated, which stimulates motor neurons in the medulla, causing bronchoconstriction.
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what does histamine do to bronchi?
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histamine causes bronchoconstriction.
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thromboxane is a prostaglandin that causes bronchi to...
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constrict
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what is functional residual capacity (FRC)?
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volume of air left in lung after normal expiration (2L)
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after maximal inhalation, what is the volume of air in lungs?
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about six liters.
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is there any volume in the lungs after maximal expiration? if so, how much.
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Yes, about 1.2L.
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minute volume or breathing volume=_____
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minute volume or breathing volume=total ventilation
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what part of respiratory system contains anatomical dead space?
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conducting zone.
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Respiratory rate(f) refers to...
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how often we breathe
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What is equation for expiratory volume?
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Expiratory volume=respiratory rate x total ventilation.
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If someone breathed 15 times in a minute at tidal volume, what is the total ventilation?
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15breaths/min x 0.5L/breaths=7.54L/min
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What is perfusion?
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blood flow in the lung
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Can physiological dead space be less than anatomical dead space?
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no, physiological dead space equal to or greater than anatomical dead space, never less.
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What is boyle's law?
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P1V1=P2V2 (or V1/V2=P2/P1)
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-If pressure of intrapleural space is is decreased, volume is (increased/decreased).
-Whose law does this follow? |
-pressure decreased, volume increased(Volume is inversely proportional to pressure). -Boyle's Law.
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-If temperature is increased, volume is (increased/decreased).
-Whose law does this follow? |
-T increased, V increased
-Charle's Law |
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What is Charle's law?
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V1/V2=T1/T2
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21% of atmosphere ambient air is...
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oxygen; 21%
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79% of atmosphere ambient air is...
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Nitrogen, N2
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What is barometric pressure at sea level? Is there an increase or decrease in pressure as altitiude increases?
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760mmHg.
Altitude decreases barometric pressure. |
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Does carbon dioxide or oxygen cross capillary-alveolar barrier more quickly? Why?
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Carbon dioxide crosses about 20 times as fast as oxygen, this is because CO2 is more fluid soluble.
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What is perfusion?
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blood flow in the lung
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Can physiological dead space less than anatomical dead space?
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no, physiological dead space equal to or greater than anatomical dead space, never less.
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What is boyle's law?
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P1V1=P2V2 (or V1/V2=P2/P1)
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-If pressure of intrapleural space is is decreased, volume is (increased/decreased).
-Whose law does this follow? |
-pressure decreased, volume increased(Volume is inversely proportional to pressure). -Boyle's Law.
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-If temperature is increased, volume is (increased/decreased).
-Whose law does this follow? |
-T increased, V increased
-Charle's Law |
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What is Charle's law?
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V1/V2=T1/T2
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21% of atmosphere ambient air is...
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oxygen; 21%
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79% of atmosphere ambient air is...
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Nitrogen, N2
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What is barometric pressure at sea level? Is there an increase or decrease in pressure as altitiude increases?
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760mmHg.
Altitude decreases barometric pressure. |
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Does carbon dioxide or oxygen cross capillary-alveolar barrier more quickly? Why?
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Carbon dioxide crosses about 20 times as fast as oxygen, this is because Co2 is more fluid soluble.
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Why is there a decrease in oxygen gas pressure when gas moves into trachea from ambient air?
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some oxygen gas becomes water vapor.
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What is the pressure of Carbon dioxide in:
-Atmosphere -Trachea -Alveola -Arterial -mixed venous blood |
-Atmosphere is 0mmHg
-Trachea is 0mmHg -Alveola is 40mmHg -Arterial is 40mmHg -Mixed venous blood is 46mmHg |
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What is the Alveolar-arterial(A-a) gradient for Carbon dioxide?
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40-40= 0mmHg
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Perfusion is equivalent to ___ in lungs.
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FLOW
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