Ornithology Final Part 2

Front 1

What is the sound producing structure in birds called?

Back 1

syrinx

Front 2

how does the musculature of the syrinx affect bird's songs

Back 2

more musculature=more song complexity, less musculature=grunts or hissing songs

Front 3

What is a bird's song?

Back 3

a long vocal display with specific repeated patterns usually given by males as territorial display

Front 4

What is a bird's call?

Back 4

a short, simple vocalization given by either sex

Front 5

5 kinds of bird calls

Back 5

distress, flight, warning, begging, and contact

Front 6

7 parts of avian vocabularies

Back 6

territorial proclamation, attraction of mates, broadcast of personal characteristics, warning of potential danger, maintenance of social contact, contact calls, and pre-copulatory calls

Front 7

4 reasons to use song playback

Back 7

allows birders to see secretive species, helps to capture and band some birds, allows detection and census of cryptic birds, and can assess the species-recognition behavior of geographically separated populations

Front 8

How can vocal displays best reflect the evolutionary history of related species?

Back 8

when the songs are innate rather than learned

Front 9

What is a sort, discrete vocal element?

Back 9

syllable

Front 10

What are several syllables given together?

Back 10

phrase

Front 11

what is the sequence of particular notes or syllables?

Back 11

syntax

Front 12

4 reasons individual recognition in birds is important

Back 12

helps bird identify offspring, parents, mates, and neighbors

Front 13

3 types of song repertoires

Back 13

single song, two songs, and hundreds of songs

Front 14

3 advantages of large repertoires

Back 14

enhances a male's attractiveness to females, enhances males ability to compete with neighboring males, and to discourage would-be competitors

Front 15

3 advantages of vocal mimicry

Back 15

enlarge your repertoire, can use to attract help in mobbing predators, and young birds can use mimicry to develop their own repertoire

Front 16

Advantage of inherited song development

Back 16

if bird is deafened before they hear fellow species sing or call, they can still vocalize normally

Front 17

How do learned song developments work?

Back 17

inherited mechanisms guide the learning of their song, but birds must hear them and practice to preform correctly

Front 18

4 periods of learned song development

Back 18

critical learning period: when young, silent period, subsong period: analogous to human infant babbling, and song crystallization: auditory feedback is important, if deafened before this period, bird will never have a normal song

Front 19

what are regional differences in birds songs called?

Back 19

dialects

Front 20

Upon what do different dialects depend?

Back 20

the range of a species

Front 21

Next

Back 21

Powerpoint