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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Early Human Interactions - Used for... |
--Food (meat, eggs = protein) --Domesticated Fowl (Asia, India, Egypt w/ chickens, geese and ducks) |
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Useof Skin and Feathers |
•Clothing – down feathers – warmth •Pillows and Blankets •SocietalOrnaments -cloaks-capes-headdresses -plumesfor hats |
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Birds in Literature, Culture, andReligion |
•Believed to be sacred – oftenused in rituals – cave paintings•Present in visual art of mostancient cultures Egypt 1300 B.C. – Phoenix – rebirth by fire – embodiment of the sun Bible - ≈ 40 species of birds mentioned – Doves Native American Tribes – ceremonial use of bird parts Folklore •Owls = mystery •Black plumage birds considered threatening Music and Dance •Lekking dances – Chukchi of Siberia, Bavarian Highlanders, & Native Americans •Vocalizations – rain forest peoples |
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History of Ornithology؛ahgX$) |
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) – described 170species – good enough that we canrecognize these birds todayHohenstaufen (1194-1250) – The Art ofFalconryColumbus (1492) – Crossed migratorypathway of N.A. birdsCoronado – described birds in Arizona andNew MexicoCatesby – Founder of AmericanOrnithology – The Natural History ofCarolina, Florida, and the BahamaIslands Linnaeus – Systema Naturae – binomial nomenclatureEdwards, Pennant, and Latham – armchair ornithologists –allpublished booksBerwick – History of British Birds1782 – U.S. Congress adopted the Eaglefor the official seal – Franklin did not like the way the eagle makes itsliving…preferred the Wild Turkey Thoreau – American nature writerBurroughs – Essayist and NaturalistMuir – Naturalist and ConservationistWilson – Father of American OrnithologyAudubon – Artist and Naturalist –Ornithological Biography – The Birds ofAmericaGould – Illustrated all of the knownbirds of the world – 50 volumes – 3000 platesLewis and Clark – Explorers and Naturalists – named many N.A. species |
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Natural History Museums؛ahgX$) |
AmericanMuseum of Natural History – New YorkSmithsonian – Washington D.C.Academy of Natural Sciences – PhiladelphiaMuseum of Comparative Zoology – Cambridge MassachusettsField Museum of ChicagoCarnegie Museum - PittsburghVs/w |
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InfluentialCurators22%5D////E |
Ridgway– D.C. – founder of AOUChapman– Dean of American Ornithology – 225 articles, 17 booksme":ps 1e |
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BirdClubs, Societies, and Organizations (late1800’s)CXKw25p+zg== |
NuttallOrnithological Club – 1st club in the U.S.LinnaeanSociety of New York•Bronx County Bird Club |
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AmericanOrnithologists’ Union and the U.S. Biological Survey->22%5D////E |
AOU - Founded in 1883 by 23 men•CommitteesEstablishedCommittee on Bird Migration•C.Hart Merriam – program to study bird migration patternsCommittee on Classification andNomenclature•Developedthe “Code of Nomenclature”•Standardizedlist of Common and Scientific Names |
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U.S.Biological Survey%5D////E |
The Service's origins date backto 1871 In 1885, Congress created anOffice of Economic Ornithology in the Department of AgricultureStudied the food habits andmigratory patterns of birds, especially those that had an effect on agricultureRenamed the Bureau of BiologicalSurvey in 1905Further reorganization came in1956 when the Fish and Wildlife Act created the United States Fish and WildlifeService g |
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AudubonMovementsml>%5D////E |
GeorgeGrinnell – Established first Audubon SocietyFlorenceMerriam – local chapter – field keyHarrietHemenway and Minna Hall – MassachusettsAudubon SocietyWilliamDutcher – National Association of Audubon Societies |
