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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anomer
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alpha- and ß- cyclic carbohydrates
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mutarotation
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interconversion btwn aplha and beta carbs; ring must open to its fisher projection to mutarotate; locked rings won't mutarotate
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furanose
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5 membered carbohydrate ring
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pyranose
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6 membered carbohydrate ring
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enantiomer
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- non super imposable images; mirror images
- ex: hands - two molecules are enantiomers if they have the same atoms bonded (are NOT const. isomers) but one os S and one is R - entantiomer of D sugar is the L sugar (mirror image, flip all) |
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diastereomers
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- if you have more than 1 chiral center in a molecule and the molecules are not mirror images
- ie, one would be R,R and one would be R,S |
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hemiacetal, hemiketal
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- alcohol and ether coming off the same carbon
- comes from reacting an aldehyde or ketone with an ROH |
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kinetic product of electrophilic addition to conjugated diene
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- the fast product, less stable, least sterically hindered
- 1,2 addition - favored at low temperatures |
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thermodynamic product of electrophilic addition to conjugated diene
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- the slow product, more stable
- favored at high temperatures - 1,4 addition |
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list the SOFT nucleophiles and explain how they work with conjugated systems
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cyanide (CN), water(H2O), alcohols(R-OH), LiCu(R)2
- add 1,4 - thermodynamic more stable product |
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list the HARD nucleophiles and explain how they work with conjugated systems
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LiAlH, grignard (MgBr-R), ylides, Li-R
- add 1,2 - kinetic less stable product |
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list of electron withdrawing groups
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CF3, NO2, SO3H, CN, C=O
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list of electron donating groups
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NH2, NHR, NR2, OH, NHC=O, OR, R, Ar, C=C
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