Orgo (Starting From 2Nd Half Of Ch. 2)

Front 1

Substitution

Back 1

Occur when one functional group replaces another.

Front 2

Sn1 reaction

Back 2

Two step reaction with a rate dependent on only one of the reactants.

Front 3

Slow step

Back 3

Rate determining step of reaction

Front 4

Sn2 reaction

Back 4

One step reaction with a rate dependent on the concentration of the nucleophile and the substrate

Front 5

Sterical Hinderance

Back 5

Sn2 reactions typically do not occur in tertiary substrates.

Front 6

"The nucleophile and the 5 Ss"

Back 6

Differences between Sn1 and Sn2 reactions

Front 7

"The Nucleophile"

Back 7

Sn2 requires strong nucleophile while Sn1 is not affected by nucleophile strength

Front 8

1st S- Substrate

Back 8

Sn2 reactions dont occur with sterically hindered substrate. Sn2 requires methyl, primary or secondary substrate while Sn2 requires secondary or tertiary.

Front 9

2nd S- Solvent

Back 9

Highly polar solvent increases reaction rate of Sn1 by stabilizing the carbocation, but slows down Sn2 reactions by stabilizing the nucleophile

Front 10

3rd S- Speed

Back 10

Speed of Sn2 depends on concentration of substrate and the nucleophile, while speed of Sn1 depends only on the substrate.

Front 11

4th S- Stereochemistry

Back 11

Sn2 inverts stereochemistry about chiral center while Sn1 creates a racemic mixture.

Front 12

5th S- Skeleton

Back 12

Sn1 may be accompanied by carbon skeleton rearrangement but Sn2 never rearranges the carbon skeleton.

Front 13

Oxidation

Back 13

Loss of H2, addition of O or O2, addition of X2

Front 14

Reduction

Back 14

Addition of H2, loss of O or O2, loss of X2

Front 15

Formation of sulfonates

Back 15

Nucleophilic substitution where alcohol acts as a nucleophile.

Front 16

Tosylates and mesylates

Back 16

commonly used sulfonates (draw)

Front 17

Pinacol arrangement

Back 17

Dehydration of an alcohol that results in a unexpected product

Front 18

Ethers
yj

Back 18

Polar, relatively non reactive substances that can hydrogen bond with compounds that contain hydrogen attached to an N, O, or F atom.