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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the majority of synapse on
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dendrites
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what are the types of synapse on the nuerons
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synaptic spine
synaptic shaft |
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what is an ionotropic receptor
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a post synaptic terminal receptor that is attached to an ion channel
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what NT gives us the ability to move
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acetyl choline
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what are the two receptors on the post synaptic membrane
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ionotropic
metabotropic |
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what are the possible ways a transmitter an be terminated
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diffusion away from synaptic area
enzymatic splitting/destruction uptake by nerve terminal or surrounding tissue |
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what does enzymatic splitting do to ACh
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AChesterase will split ACh into acetate and choline. Choline will then be up-taken by a special pump in the pre synaptic terminal to be reused.
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describe the uptake of NT by tissues and terminals
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when NT released it can be uptaken by surrounding tissue and stored or the pre synaptic terminal may take up the entire NT
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what is an Electrotonic response
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non propogatable response that has the ability to summate
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what kind of response is summation
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summation is NOT an all or nothing response
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what is IPSP
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a hyperpolarization that can do spatial and temporal summation
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what causes IPSP
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when a NT is inhibitory and opens Cl- channels that allow Cl- in hyper-polarizing the cell
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GPCR is what kind of synaptic transmission
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slow synaptic transmission
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what is another name for the slow synaptic transmission
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g protein coupled receptor
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what GABA receptors are capable of fast synaptic transmission
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GABAa and GABAc receptors
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what GABA receptors are capable of slow synaptic transmission
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GABAb receptors
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what functions are slow synaptic transmission receptors for
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functions that don't require speed
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what are the majority of receptors in the body
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G protein coupled receptors
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large EPSP + smaller IPSP gives what
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attenuated EPSP
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what is another name for the Renshaw circuit
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synaptic reverberation/recurrence
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what happens if the Renshaw circuit deteriorates
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spasms result the motor neurons will always be excited
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what NT controls our muscles
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actelycholine
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what neurons inhibit motor neurons in renshaw circuit
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interneurons
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what does renshaw circuit allow you to do
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it allows you to modulate muscle activity and posture
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what is the purpose of interneurons in the renshaw circuit
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they control the amount of excitation
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what is the physiological correlate of memory and learning
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synaptic plasticity
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what happens when you learn more
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you attain more synaptic spines and they will change in shape by having more synaptic connections
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what is the prime inhibitory transmitter in the brain
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GABA
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what are three properties of IPSP and EPSP
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all or nothing
no refractory period not propagated |
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where is post synaptic and pre synaptic inhibition located
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in the brain
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where are majority of synapses located
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on dendrites
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what are the chemical and functional properties of transmitters
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transmitter can cause inhibition or excitation
single neuron can et a large # of synapse from different neurons AP depolarizes area then area will re-polarize a neuron usually makes one major neurotransmitter one way transmission |
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what is the most excitable part of the neuron
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initial segment because it has the most Na channels and the lowest threshold
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what is EPSP
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small depolarization that results from the opening of channels in post synaptic membrane
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what are the types of summaton
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spatial and temporal
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what is spatial summation
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the summation of AP firing at the exact same time from different neurons or the same neuron
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what is temporal summation
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the summation of AP firing at different times but having an additive effect w/ each peak getting higher and higher
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what makes fast synatic transmission fast
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they are fast due to having channels directly attached to the receptors
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what kind of transmission is nACh
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fast synaptic transmission
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what makes slow synaptic transmission slow
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due to channels not being directly connected to the receptor
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what type of synaptic summation is mACh
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slow
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what is the change in synaptic structure and function as a result of repetitive activity
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synaptic plasticity
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describe post synaptic inhibition
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GABA will release and interact w/ post synaptic receptors opening channels producing IPSP on one part of the neuron reducing excitation
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what is the speed of presynaptic inhibition
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it is long lasting and takes a long time to develop
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what happens in pre synaptic inhibition
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you attain a smaller EPSP
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what are the types of synaptic plasticity
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LTD and LTP
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what is the function of LTD
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modulates LTP
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what happens to the synapse in synaptic plasticity
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synapse shape will change, synaptic spine will divide into many synaptic connections
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what happens in LTD
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after low frequency stimulation the stimulus strength will decrease
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what happens in LTP
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after high frequency stimulation the stimulus strength will increase
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what four things effect synaptic transmission
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hypoxia
drugs alkalosis acidosis |
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what is synaptic fatigue
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if synapse is continuously firing due to repetitive stimulation depletion of NT will occur since production of NT can't meet demand
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what is another name for synaptic fatigue
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wedensky inhibitor
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what is alkalosis
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change in body pH from 7.4-7.8 resulting in an increase in synaptic transmission resulting in convulsions
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what is acidosis
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decrease in body pH from 7.4-7.0 resulting in depression of synaptic transmission and body going into a coma
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what is hypoxia
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when you deprive a nerve of O2 causing synaptic transmission to fail
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