Organs Test #1

Front 1

this is the digestive system of the cell

Back 1

lysosomes

Front 2

cell self destruction

Back 2

autolysis

Front 3

another name for autolysis

Back 3

necrosis

Front 4

what aids sperm in entering ovum

Back 4

acrosome

Front 5

osteoclast do what

Back 5

produce their own lysosomes that dissolve and reshape bone

Front 6

what is puss composed of

Back 6

dead white blood cells

Front 7

this is a fibrolytic disease

Back 7

asbestos

Front 8

a sun burn results in

Back 8

UV light rupturing lysosomes

Front 9

porphyrin results from?

Back 9

abnormal biosynthesis of hemoglobin

Front 10

porphyrias is due to?

Back 10

having too much porphyrin

Front 11

people who have porphyria are?

Back 11

photosensitive, receding gum line, and hairy

Front 12

name the two anti inflamatory compounds

Back 12

chloroquin endomethasin

Front 13

what do chloroquin and endomethasin do

Back 13

stabalize and prevent the rupture of the lysosomal membrane

Front 14

selfish cell death

Back 14

Autolysis (necrosis)

Front 15

what happens in autolysis

Back 15

lysosomal enzymes released in cell causing the cell to fragment resulting in the inside of the cell being spilled out including the lysosomal enzymes resulting in damage to neighboring cells

Front 16

what causes inflamation when you hurt the tip of your finger

Back 16

autolysis

Front 17

selfless cell death

Back 17

apotosis

Front 18

what happens in apototis

Back 18

a signal is sent to the cell telling it to stop growing, the cell then begins to fragment into vescicles which are taken away by the macrophage therefore no injury to surrounding cells

Front 19

name the types of membrane transport

Back 19

vesicular (endocytosis/exocytosis), diffusion (simple/fascilitated) and active transport (Ca pump/Na Pump), and secondary active transport (Counter/Co transport)

Front 20

membrane invagenates and turns outside in and forms vesicles that pinches off inside the cell

Back 20

endocytosis

Front 21

phagocytosis is

Back 21

the uptake of solid substances

Front 22

pinocytosis is

Back 22

the uptake of liquid substances

Front 23

what occurs in opsonization

Back 23

since bacteria have a (-) charge they are repelled from the cell so opsonins will surround the bacteria giving it a (+) charge allowing it to enter the cell

Front 24

Cl binds to receptors and once all the receptors have a bound Cl they form a vescicle that enters the cell and is taken up into the lysosome to be destroyed this is called

Back 24

receptor mediated endocytosis

Front 25

name all the forms of endocytosis discussed

Back 25

phargocytosis, pinocytosis, opsonization, and receptor mediated endocytosis

Front 26

name the two types of exocytosis

Back 26

reverse pinocytosis and emeiocytosis

Front 27

what form of vesicular transport to nerve impulses (synapse) use

Back 27

exocytosis

Front 28

what do exocytosis and endocytosis require

Back 28

Ca on the outside
Energy from inside the cell
Contractile proteins

Front 29

what particles can enter the PM by themselves

Back 29

FA, R-OH, O2, CO2, H2O, Nitrogen, and lipid soluble substances

Front 30

what are the two major phospholipids

Back 30

phosphotidylcholines
phosphodyethanodomines

Front 31

what are the two types of PM protens

Back 31

intrinsic/integral
extrinsic/peripheral

Front 32

where are the majority of peripheral proteins found

Back 32

in the cytosal/cytoplasmic side

Front 33

what does Cholesterol do in the PM

Back 33

give the PM rigidity

Front 34

what is the glycocalyx

Back 34

the hazy layer formed by carbohydrates

Front 35

what are the functions of carbohydrates in the PM

Back 35

give exterior a negative charge
insulin receptors
enter immune reaction
hook each cell to the next

Front 36

extracellular fluid composition

Back 36

High concentration of Na/Ca/Cl
Low concetration of Proteins/K

Front 37

intracellular fluid composition

Back 37

High concentration of K
Low concetration of Na/Cl/Ca

Front 38

what is the charge of the cytoplasm

Back 38

negative due to proteins and phosphoproteins

Front 39

what is brownian movements

Back 39

molecules always in movement

Front 40

what are the factors that effect diffusion

Back 40

concentration gradient (chemical gradient)
electrical gradient/forces
temperature
molecule shape and size
distance between areas

Front 41

Ion Channels/Aquaporins/ and the penetration of water all occur via

Back 41

simple diffusion

Front 42

how can H2O pass the lipid membrane in both directions

Back 42

high kinetic E
small size

Front 43

what prevents charged molecules from entering the membrane

Back 43

water of hydration

Front 44

what are the charges of the lipid membrane

Back 44

(-) on the outside
(+) on the inside

Front 45

characteristics of ion selectivity

Back 45

nature of charges lining the channel
diameter
shape and orientation

Front 46

Describe the characteristics of Na channels

Back 46

.5 nm
lined w/ strong (+) charges that pull H2O off Na

Front 47

Describe the characteristics of K channels

Back 47

.3 nm
lined w/ weak (-) charges since K is small enough that it can go through the channel even w/ water bonded to it

Front 48

Describe the characteristics of Cl channels

Back 48

can be chemically or voltage gated
lined with (+) charges

Front 49

Describe the characteristics of Ca channels

Back 49

can be used by Na ions
very large
lined w/ (-) charges

Front 50

what are the types of gated channels

Back 50

voltage, chemical, and leak

Front 51

movement of charges effect the opening and closing of this gate

Back 51

voltage gated

Front 52

once open all charged particles can go through

Back 52

chemically gated

Front 53

another name for chemically gated channels

Back 53

ligand

Front 54

what can always go through leak channels

Back 54

K

Front 55

describe the characteristics of carrier mediated transport (fascilitated diffusion)

Back 55

goes from high [] to low []
no channels involved
requires carrier molecule therefore saturable
no E required

Front 56

describe the characteristics of active transport

Back 56

requires E
goes from low [] to high []
requires carrier molecule therefore saturable
no channel involved

Front 57

what are the types of active transport discussed so far

Back 57

Na/K pump and Ca pump

Front 58

describe the characteristics of the Na/K pump

Back 58

electrogenic pump
pumps 3 Na out and 2 K in
in every cell
requires E (converts ATP > ADP via ATPase)
uses carrier molecule

Front 59

what are the types of Ca pumps

Back 59

intracellular > extracellular (Ca pumped out of cell against gradient)

intracellular > organelles (Ca pumped into organelles from the cytoplasm) Ca is stored

Front 60

what is the difference between secondary active transport and active transport

Back 60

secondary active transport doesn't require immediate E

Front 61

where does the E in secondary active transport come from

Back 61

the potential E from the Na/K pump

Front 62

what are the types of secondary active transport

Back 62

Co-transport and Counter transport

Front 63

describe the characteristics of secondary active transport

Back 63

requires carrier molecule therefore saturable
no channel
goes from low [] to high []
requires E

Front 64

both molecules headed in same direction one against its gradient

Back 64

co transport

Front 65

both molecules headed in opposite direction w/ one going against its gradient

Back 65

counter transport (antiport)