Organs Sem 2 Test 2 Gases

Front 1

what is diffusion proportional to

Back 1

partial pressure of gas, surface area, and inversely proportional the thickness of respiratory membrane

Front 2

what would increase the thickness of the alveoli making diffusion harder

Back 2

pneumonia, edema, fluid accumulation, fibrosis

Front 3

what would decrease the surface area of the lungs

Back 3

emphecema/removal of lungs

Front 4

what is the partial pressure of atmospheric O2

Back 4

160mmHg

Front 5

what is the partial pressure of O2 in deoxygenated blood

Back 5

40 mmHg

Front 6

what is the partial pressure of O2 in oxygenated blood

Back 6

100 mmHg

Front 7

what is the partial pressure of atmospheric CO2

Back 7

.3 mmHg

Front 8

what is the partial pressure of CO2 in deoxygenated blood

Back 8

46 mmHg

Front 9

what is the partial pressure of CO2 in oxygenated blood

Back 9

40 mmHg

Front 10

how does O2 and CO2 travel

Back 10

O2 goes into the blood
CO2 goes out of blood

Front 11

why is the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in the lungs and atmosphere not the same

Back 11

O2 partial pressure differs b/c O2 is constantly being used by tissues

CO2 partial pressure differs because CO2 is constantly being made

the partial pressure also differ because air is partially replaced

Front 12

what factors effect the partial pressure of O2 and CO2

Back 12

metabolism
alveolar ventilation
atmospheric partial pressure

Front 13

how does metabolism effect pO2/CO2

Back 13

an increase in metabolism
DECREASES PO2 (more O2 used by tissue)
INCREASES PCO2 (more CO2 made)

Front 14

how does atmospheric partial pressure effect pO2/CO2

Back 14

atmospheric partial pressure has no effect on CO2

atmospheric partial pressure determines alveolar partial pressure of O2 (decrease atm p also decreases alveolar p)

Front 15

how does alveolar ventilation effect partial pressure of O2 and CO2

Back 15

alveolar ventilation (how much air your breath in)
decreases pCO2 (increased ventilation decreases pCO2)
increases pO2 (if high then more air coming in and therefore increase in pO2)

Front 16

what is hyperventilation (metabolism/ventilation)

Back 16

increase in alveolar ventilation but no change in metabolism

occurs when hysterical/panic

EXERCISE IS NOT HYPERVENTILATION BECAUSE BOTH METABOLISM AND VENTILATION INCREASES

Front 17

what is hypoventilation

Back 17

increase in metabolism but no change in ventilation

occurs when have lung problems

Front 18

is a decrease in alveolar ventilation hypertension or hypotension

Back 18

hypertension

Front 19

what happens to the pO2 in the alveoli/arteries during hyperventilation

Back 19

pO2 increases and decrease in pCO2 due to increased ventilation

Front 20

what changes first when you increase metabolism

Back 20

arterial pressure

Front 21

what changes first when you increase ventilation

Back 21

alveoli pressure

Front 22

why is the partial pressure of CO2 low

Back 22

because CO2 exists in a dissolved state

Front 23

why is the rate of diffusion between caps and alveoli fast

Back 23

huge SA and the respiratory membrane is thin

Front 24

what does exercise do to the alveoli

Back 24

it causes extra capillaries at the top of the alveoli to open

Front 25

is the ventilation perfusion inequality diffusion related

Back 25

no

Front 26

what is the ventilation perfusion inequality

Back 26

a mismatch between blood supply and air supply

Front 27

why is there bad blood supply in the top half of the alveoli

Back 27

due to the capillaries up there being closed due to gravity BUT THEY OPEN UP IF YOU EXERCISE

Front 28

what are the types of ventilation perfusion inequalities

Back 28

SHUNT
WASTED VENTILATION (DEAD SPACE)

Front 29

what is wasted ventilation

Back 29

there is a air supply available in the alveoli but due to the blockage in the blood vessels there is no blood supply

Front 30

what is the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in wasted ventilation

Back 30

pO2 = 160 mmHg
pCO2 = .3mmHg

the partial pressure in the alveoli would be atmospheric

Front 31

what occurs in a shunt

Back 31

there is perfusion but not ventilation(no air coming in) due to a block in the alveoli

Front 32

what is the partial pressure of CO2 and O2 in a shunt

Back 32

pCO2 = 46
pO2 = 40

partial pressure in the arteries would be the same as deoxygenated blood because THE BLOOD ISNT GETTING OXYGENATED

Front 33

what is the ventilation perfusion ratio in shunt

Back 33

0

perfusion occurs but no ventilation

Front 34

what is the ventilation perfusion ratio in dead space

Back 34

infinity

ventilation occurs but no perfusion

Front 35

what is the range of the ventilation perfusion ration

Back 35

0 to infinity

Front 36

what is the driving force of diffusion

Back 36

partial pressure

Front 37

how is O2 transported in the blood

Back 37

dissolved form (this is rare b/c O2 solubility is low)
via hemoglobin (bound to iron in hemoglobin)

Front 38

what is the concentration of hemoglobin

Back 38

15g hemoglobin per 100 ml or 1 Dl

Front 39

what is the concetration of O2 @ 100% saturation

Back 39

1.34 ml O2 per 1 gram Hemoglobin

Front 40

how does the hemoglobin content/composition differ in the veins and arterial blood

Back 40

it doesn't differ, hemoglobin content is the same in the veins and arteries

Front 41

what is the saturation of hemoglobin in the arterial blood and venous blood

Back 41

arterial blood = 100%
venous blood = 75%

Front 42

what changes the vol of O2

Back 42

a change in Hb amount
change in % saturation

Front 43

how does a change in Hb amount change the volume of O2

Back 43

the hb amount changes when someone is anemic

this means that the carrying capacity of O2 has decreased

Front 44

how does a change in % saturation effect volume of O2

Back 44

if saturation changes O2 carrying capacity changes

Front 45

what determines the saturation of Hemoglobin

Back 45

the partial pressure of O2

the higher the partial pressure of O2 the higher the degree of saturation of hemoglobin

Front 46

between what pressures will the arterial saturation be 100%

Back 46

70-100 mmHg

Front 47

what happens to the volume of the blood when hyperventilating

Back 47

no change in volume of the blood but an increase in partial pressure of O2

Front 48

what occurs in the unloading zone

Back 48

slight decrease in pO2 results in drastic decrease in saturation of Hb

Front 49

what does a decrease in Hb saturation mean

Back 49

it means that more O2 is being given away to tissues (pO2 is low in tissues)

Front 50

what is the systemic arterial pressure of O2 at 100% saturation

Back 50

100 mmhg

Front 51

what is the O2 content @ 100% saturation

Back 51

20 ml O2 per 100 ml/1 dl blood

Front 52

what is the systemic venous pressure @ 75% saturation

Back 52

40 mmHg

Front 53

what does a shift to the right on the dissociation curve do to the unloading zone

Back 53

increases unloading b/c the less saturated the hemoglobin the more unloading

Front 54

what is the utilization coefficient

Back 54

VaO2 - VvO2 / VaO2

% indicating how much tissues have used O2

Front 55

what is the effect of CO on O2/Hb dissociation curve

Back 55

CO binds to Hb more faster than O2 and once CO binds to Hb it wont let a lot of O2 bind

CO shifts cure to the left therefore unloading of O2 becomes harder

Front 56

what is the pO2 in blood when CO is binding to Hb

Back 56

the pO2 is normal eventhough O2 can't bind to Hb

Front 57

what happens to pCO2, pH, and temp when exercising

Back 57

pCO2 increases
temp increases
pH decreases

when exercising ventilation and metabolism increase and O2 gets unloaded at a better rate