Organs Sem 2 Test 1 The Heart

Front 1

what happens in a systolic dysfunction

Back 1

the heart fails to pump
INABILITY TO EMPTY THE BLOOD

Front 2

what happens in a diastolic dysfunction

Back 2

stiff ventricles fill w/ less blood than normal

INABILITY TO FILL B/C VENTRICLES WON'T PROPERLY RELAX

Front 3

what increases and decreases in systolic dysfunction

Back 3

EDV increases
SV is normal
Ejection fraction decreases

Front 4

what increases and decreases in diastolic dysfunction

Back 4

EDV decreases
SV decreases
Ejection fraction doesn't change (this is because the amount of blood pumped out has decreased)

Front 5

what is the majority of heart failure

Back 5

systolic

Front 6

who doesn't have a cardiac reserve

Back 6

people w/ heart failure

Front 7

what happens to the valves in stenosis

Back 7

they don't open properly

Front 8

what happens to the valves in regurgitation

Back 8

they don't close properly

Front 9

what prevents back flow in systole

Back 9

AV valve

Front 10

what prevents back flow during diastole

Back 10

semilunar valve

Front 11

when do you hear the 1st heart sound (lub)

Back 11

when the AV valve closese at the end of diastole

Front 12

when do you hear the 2nd heart sound (dub)

Back 12

when the semilunar valve closes at the end of systole

Front 13

what causes abnormal heart sounds

Back 13

ventricular lesions (valves not working properly)

Front 14

what are reasons that ventricular lesions may occur

Back 14

congenital defects (birth defects)
streptococcal infection (rheumatic fever) - this may cause calcification/fibrosis of the valves causing them to close/open improperly

Front 15

what are the results of valve damage

Back 15

stenosis of the valve - valve gets narrowed and doesn't open properly

destruction of valve - may lead to regurgitation/insufficiency (valve doesn't close properly)

Front 16

what happens in Aortic stenosis

Back 16

aortic valve doesn't open properly

Front 17

what kind of murmur is heard during Aortic stenosis

Back 17

systolic murmur heard between S1 and S2

Front 18

what is Aortic stenosis

Back 18

the aortic valve is suppose to be open during systole but it opens only narrowly, forcing blood to gush through a small opening

Front 19

what type of dysfunction is Aortic stenosis

Back 19

systolic (inability to empty)

Front 20

what happens to the ventricles during Aortic stenosis

Back 20

left ventricle hypertrophy due to the increased pressure the ventricle has to work @ in order to pump blood through the narrow opening and into the aorta

Front 21

how can ventriclular hypertrophy occur

Back 21

it occurs when the ventricle has too much pressure or to high of a volume of blood

Front 22

what is the pressure in a ventricle undergoing Aortic stenosis

Back 22

normal pressure 120
new pressure 300

Front 23

what pressure is transfered to the blood in Aortic stenosis

Back 23

only 120 eventhough the ventricle is working @ a pressure of 300

Front 24

what happens in Aortic regurgitation

Back 24

aortic valve doesn't close properly

Front 25

what kind of murmur is heard in Aortic regurgitation

Back 25

diastolic murmur b/c during diastole the aortic valve should be closed but as a result there is blood leaking back in

Front 26

what kind of dysfunction is Aortic regurgitation

Back 26

systolic dysfunction

Front 27

where does blood come from in Aortic regurgitation

Back 27

blood comes from the atria (av valve) and the aortic valve due to the aortic valve not properly closing and allowing blood to leak back into the ventricle

Front 28

when does Aortic regurgitation occur

Back 28

when the ventricle is relaxing

Front 29

does hypertrophy occur in Aortic regurgitation and if so why

Back 29

left ventricular hypertrophy occurs due to the increased volume of blood coming back into the ventricle (get 250 ml instead of normal 100ml)

Front 30

what occurs in Mitral regurgitation

Back 30

during systole the mitral valve should be closed and blood should flow from the ventricle into the aorta but in Mitral regurgitation the mitral valve isn't properly closed causing blood to go from the ventricle into the atria and also the aorta

BLOOD GOES BACK INTO THE ATRIA B/C PRESSURE GOES FROM HIGH TO LOW AND THE PRESSURE IN THE VENTRICLE IS HIGHER THAN THE ATRIA

Front 31

what kind of murmur is heard in Mitral regurgitation

Back 31

systolic murmur

Front 32

what kind of dysfunction is Mitral regurgitation

Back 32

systolic dysfunction b/c instead of emptying blood into the aorta only, some blood is also pumped into the atria

Front 33

what kind of hypertrophy occurs in Mitral regurgitation

Back 33

left atria hypertrophy and left ventricular hypertrophy due to the increased volume in both the atria and ventricle

Front 34

what occurs in Mitral stenosis

Back 34

mitral valve doesn't open well

normally during diastole mitral valve is opened and all the blood in the atria is pumped into the ventricle, but since the valve isn't properly opening the blood is forced to gush through the narrow opening

Front 35

what kind of murmur occurs in Mitral stenosis

Back 35

diastolic murmur

Front 36

what kind of dysfunction occurs in Mitral stenosis

Back 36

diastolic dysfunction

Front 37

what kind of hypertrophy occurs in Mitral stenosis

Back 37

in true mitral stenosis only left atria hypertrophy occurs due to the large amount of volume of blood

left ventricular hypertrophy is not associated w/ Mitral stenosis

Front 38

what valve lessions does a decrease in CO occur

Back 38

Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation

Front 39

what is hypertrophy in the heart

Back 39

enlargement of the noncontractile parts of the heart

Front 40

why is hypertrophy of the heart bad

Back 40

a dilated heart is more prone to dysrhythmia/fibrilation due to the re-entry phenomenom

Front 41

what happens to the cardiac reserve of people with valvelar lessions

Back 41

they have a low cardiac reserve and can only take a low work load during exercise

Front 42

what is Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Back 42

this occurs after a child is born and the duct between the Aorta and the Pulmonary Artery should be closed but for some reason it is not and as a result the oxygenated blood from the Aorta is being pumped into the Pulmonary Artery b/c the aorta works at a higher pressure, causing the already oxygenated blood to get oxygenated again

Front 43

what removes the Ductus Arteriousus in new borns

Back 43

the back flow of blood from the high pressure aorta to the low pressure pulmonary artery

Front 44

what murmur is heard in Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Back 44

systolic and diastolic

Front 45

what happens to the CO of kids with Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Back 45

their CO decreases because some of the oxygenated blood from the aorta flows back into the pulmonary artery and gets oxygenated again