Organochemistry Reactions

Front 1

HX addition

Back 1

electrophilic addition
carbocation intermediates
Markovnikov's rule apply
carbocation rearrangements possible
both anti and syn addition

Front 2

Radical addition of hydrogen bromide (HBr) to alkenes.

Back 2

chain reaction
radical intermediates
anti-Markovnikov's products
both syn and anti addition

Front 3

Electrophilic addition of halogens (X2) to alkenes.

Back 3

electrophilic addition
bromonium or chloronium ion intermediates
anti addition

Front 4

Electrophilic addition of HX to conjugated dienes.

Back 4

electrophilic addition leading to allyl (resonance stabilized) carbocations
the allyl cation can be attacked by the bromide anion at two positions
the 1,2-adduct in this example (A) is kinetically favored (predominates at low temperatures)
the 1,4-adduct in this example (B) is thermodynamically more stable and it predominates at higher temperatures

Front 5

Electrophilic addition of halogens to conjugated dienes.

Back 5

electrophilic addition leading to allyl (resonance stabilized) carbocations
the allyl cation can be attacked by the bromide anion at two positions
the 1,2-adduct is kinetically favored in this molecule (predominates at low temperatures)
the 1,4-adduct is thermodynamically more stable and predominates at higher temperatures for this molecule