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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify four different forms of Organizational Justice and the organizational impact of each |
1. Distributive Justice: Perception of fairness of share of valued work-related resources such as pay, recognition and assignments. Injustice - leads to feelings of hight stress levels and dissatisfaction with their job and/or company - lowers motivation
2. Procedural Justice: Perception of procedures followed to determine the outcome they received. Injustice - lead to dissatisfaction with outcomes, lowers likelihood of following organizational rules and policies.
3. Interpersonal Justice: Perception of how treated by others esp authority figures.Injustice - (insensitivity and disrespect) may lead to dissatisfaction with superiors and legal procedures e.g. wrongful termination.
4. Informational Justice: Perception of adequate info given to substantiate a decision made. Belief valued by organization. Explained by group-value explanation. Ppl believe they are valued when officials guide them through decision making process. |
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Parts of Brain activating in response to Procedural Injustice |
Associated with cognition: - Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex - Superior temporal sulcus |
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Parts of Brain activating in response to Distributive Injustice |
Associated with emotion: - anterior cingulate cortex - anterior insula |
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Strategies for promoting Organizational Justice |
1. Pay workers what they deserve 2. Offer workers a voice: Fair process effect -----regular meetings & invite input -----conduct employee surveys -----open door policy -----suggestion systems 3. Follow openly fair procedures, promote procedural fairness and be consistent. 4. Explain decisions thoroughly in a manner demonstrating dignity and respect 5. Train workers to be fair |
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Kohlberg's theory of moral development |
Distinguishes three levels of cognitive moral development, pre-conventional-, conventional- and post-conventional level of moral development. Ppl at different levels define what is wrong in different ways - limited by their capacity for moral reasoning. |
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Pre-conventional level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development |
Children and about 25% of all adults Interpret what is right solely with respect to themselves: It is wrong to do something if it leads to one being punished.
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Conventional level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development |
66% of adults What they do is governed strongly of what is expected of them by others, they carefully scour their environment for clues as to "what is right." Do what is right not only because they fear punishment but also realise doing so promotes welfare and safety of society as a whole |
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Post-conventional level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development |
Very few people reach this level of cognitive moral development Judge what is right and wrong not solely in terms of their interpersonal and societal obligations but also in terms of complex philosophical principals of duty, justice and rights
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Situational Factors that undermine ethical behaviour |
Organizational norms e.g. stonewalling (willingly concealing information) Managerial values Bottom-line mentality: bad short term decisions Exploitative mentality: 'using' ppl Madison Avenue mentality : appearing to be right Emulating unethical behaviour when superiors set bad example e.g. company expenses |
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Describe what is meant by Ethical Behaviour and describe its relation to the law. |
Moral values are ppl's fundamental beliefs regarding what is right and wrong. Ethics refer to standards of conduct that guide ppl's decisions and behaviour.
The law provide the minimum acceptable standard while being ethical typically involves following a higher standard. |
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Why are organizations concerned about promoting ethical behaviour? |
1. Good ethics is good business. In various ways ethical companies are more successful than organizations marked by low levels of ethics
2. Behaving ethically is consistent with many legal requirements - USA most notably Federal Sentencing guidelines (For judges to punish unethical companies) and Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX to avoid fraudulent accounting such as Enron) |
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Discuss ethics when conducting business internationally |
Managers should refrain from engaging in ethical relativism, blindly adopting the ethics of foreign country as it may violate own standards or ethical imperialism when insisting on imposing own ethical standards as this may fail to recognize cultural differences. Instead find a midway by following the guiding principles of global ethics:
1. Show respect for core human values 2. Demonstrate sensitivity to local traditions 3. Recognize that context matters when distinguishing between right and wrong. |
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What is meant by corporate responsibility |
Business practices that adhere to ethical values, comply with legal requirements and that promote the betterment of individuals and the community at large. Operating a business in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical, legal and public expectations that society has of business. |
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Name the four levels on the Pyramid of social responsibility |
Top Contributing to and helping society at large Doing what is right and good for everyone Following the laws of society Making a profit for the stockholders Bottom |
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List four major forms of Socially Responsible behaviour |
1. Helping the community by making charitable contributions 2. Preserving the environment 3. Socially responsible investing 4. Promoting the welfare of employees |
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Explain the term "Virtuous Cycle" |
It has been suggested that socially responsible companies perform well financially because they are supported by customers and investors. As a result, they become wealthier, making it even easier for them to become even more philanthropic. |
