Organizational Behavior 2Nd Mid-Term

Front 1

Models of Decision Making

Back 1

1. the rational model
2. non-rational models

Front 2

rational model

Back 2

proposes that managers use a rational, four-step sequence when making decisions:
1. Identify the problem or opportunity (a problem exists when an actual situation and a desired situation differ; an opportunity represents a situation in which there are possibilities to do things that lead to results that exceed goals and expectations.
2. Generate alternative solutions
3. Evaluate alternatives and select a solution.
4. Implement and Evaluate the Solution Chosen.

Front 3

Benefits of the rational model

Back 3

1. the quality of decisions may be enhanced because they follow logic from knowledge and expertise.
2. It makes the reasoning behind a decision transparent and available to scrutiny.
3. If made public, it discourages the decider from acting on suspect considerations

Front 4

optimizing

Back 4

involves solving problems by producing the best possible solution.

Front 5

Non-rational models of decision Making

Back 5

attempt to explain how decisions are actually made:
1. Simon's normative model
2. The garbage can model

Front 6

simon's normative Model

Back 6

proposed to describe the process that managers actually use when making decisions which process is guided by bounded rationality and includes satisficing.

Front 7

bounded rationality

Back 7

the notion that decision makers are "bounded" or restricted by a variety of constraints when making decisions.

Front 8

satisficing

Back 8

choosing a solution that meets some minimum qualifications, one that is "good enough."

Front 9

Most Frequent Causes of poor decision Making

Back 9

1. Poorly defined processes and practices
2. Unclear company vision, mission, and goals.
3. Unwillingness of leaders to take responsibility
4. a lack of reliable, timely information

Front 10

the garbage can model

Back 10

decisions result from complex interaction between four independent streams of events: problems, solutions, participants, and choice opportunities