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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of body structure?
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Anatomy
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What is the study of how the body functions?
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Physiology
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All matter consists of chemicals.
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CHEMICAL
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Chemicals form substances that make cells (the basic unit of all life)
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CELLS
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Specialized groups of cells from tissues.
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TISSUES
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Tissues function together as organs.
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ORGANS
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A group of organs work together to accomplish the same general purpose.
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ORGAN SYSTEMS
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A complete collection of organ systems, functioning together to create a living individual.
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THE ORGANISM
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Skin and its associated structures (hair, nails, oil & sweat glands)
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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206 bones & the joints between them
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
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Produces movement; maintains posture, produces heat to maintain body temperature.
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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Brain, spinal cord, nerves, specialized & general sense organs; receive stimuli, interpret them, and direct the body's responses to them.
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Glands produce hormones that regulate body activities.
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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Heart & blood vessels; blood pumped to all the body tissues to provide nutrients & oxygen, & to remove waste materials.
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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Returns fluids from tissues to the blood; lymphatic organs (nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils) defend against disease; special vessels and absortion of fats.
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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Lungs & passages to them; provide oxygen for body tissues and a way to expel carbon dioxide.
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Taking in food (ingestion), converting it to a form cells can use (digestion), absorption into the blood; excrete waste.
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Rid body of wastes and excess water. Organs include kidney's and bladder.
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URINARY SYSTEM
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Is all the chemical reactions that occur within the body.
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Metabolism
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- Complex substances are broken down into simpler ones.
- Energy from breakdown of nutrients used for cell's "energy currency": ATP |
Catabolism
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- Simple substances combine to create larger ones. The building phase of metabolism.
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Anabolism
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- Normal body function maintains a state of internal balance with only slight deviation within an acceptable range.
- Body temperature, body fluid composition, heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure must be kept within set limits to maintain health. |
Homeostasis
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Includes all body fluids outside the cells. Examples: blood plasma, lymph, fluid between cells in the tissues.
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Extracellular fluid (extra = outside)
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Found inside the cells
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Intracellular fluid (intra = within)
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- Standing upright
- Face to the front - Arms at sides w/ palms facing forward - Feet parallel |
Anatomical positon
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Above, nearer to the head
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Superior
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Below, or lower
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Inferior
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Toward front of the body
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Ventral, anterior
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Toward back of the body
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Dorsal, posterior
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Nearer to the head
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Cranial
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Nearer to the sacral region of the spinal column
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Caudal
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Nearer to the midline
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Medial
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Farther from the midline, toward the side
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Lateral
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Nearer the origin of a structure (nearer to the trunk)
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Proximal
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Farther from the origin of a structure (farther from the trunk)
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Distal
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Closer to the body's surface
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Superficial
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Farther from the body's surface
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Deep
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Wall of a body cavity
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Parietal
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Surface of an organ
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Visceral
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A cut that divides the body into a front & back
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Frontal or coronal plane
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A cut made front to back that divides the body into left & right portions.
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Sagittal plane
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A horizontal cut dividing the body into upper and lower portions.
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Transverse or horizontal plane
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