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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of membrane proteins |
Transmembrane - span the entire bilayer Peripheral - hang closely to either the inner or outer leaflets |
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Glycoclayx |
Carbohydrate chains covalently linked to phospholipids or proteins that form a fuzzy layer o n the outside of the PM |
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Components of the Plasma membrane |
Proteins, Glycocalyx, Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Glycolipids |
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Components of the nucleus |
Nuclear envelope - only present in interphase cells Chromatin Nucleolus |
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Ribosomes |
-Surface on which protein synthesis takes place -Delivers proteins to rER by binding to specific sequences on the AA chain |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
rER - studded with ribosomes, continuous with the outermembrane of nuclear envelope sER - synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol, detoxification of drugs and toxins, sequestering and secreting calcium ions in muscles |
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Golgi |
Post-translational modification of proteins, packaging and sorting of proteins Polarized - Cis (outer), medial, Trans (inner) |
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Lysosomes |
Membrane bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that degrade proteins, nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, and phospholipids Primary - only contain hydrolytic enzymes Secondary - materials within lysosome that are being degraded |
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Peroxisomes |
Small membrane bound organelles that contain oxidative enzymes - Involved in formation and breakdown of intracellular hydrogen peroxide - Used for killing phagocytosed bacteria - Involved in beta oxidation of fatty acids |
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Mitochondria |
Aerobic energy production and storage, regulation of ion concentration in cytoplasm, storage of apoptosis factors 4 compartments: OM, IM, Mitochondrial Matrix, Intramembrane space |
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Nuclear Membrane features |
- Composed of a bilayer - Perinuclear cisterna - space between two membranes - Disassembles during mitosis due to phosphorylation (only present in interphase) - Has pores that facilitate transport - No proteins for active transport, cholesterols, or lipids |
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Three major pathways for degradation of intracellular materials by lysosomes |
1. Endocytosis - extracellular material delivered to endosomes which fuse with lysosomes 2. Phagocytosis - bacteria become enclosed by phagosomes which fuse with lysosomes 3. Autophagocytosis - ER encloses aged components, forming an autophagosome which then fuses with lysosomes |
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Three major classes of filaments that compose the cytoskeleton |
Microtubules Intermediate Filaments Microtubules |
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Microfilaments (Actin) function |
Involved mainly in muscle contraction |
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Intermediate Filaments function |
Primarily plays a structural support role |
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Microtubules function |
Maintenance of cell shape Cell elongation and movement Movement of cilia Attachment of chromosomes to mitotic spindle |
