Organization And Functions Of The Nervous System

Front 1

Central Nervous System

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 2

composed of cranial and spinal nerves

Front 3

Somatic Nervous System

Back 3

operates the muscles of the body and the sensory neurons that bring info into the CNS

Front 4

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 4

regulates general body activity and internal activity

Front 5

Cranial Nerves

Back 5

concerned with sensory and motor activities within the body

Front 6

Hindbrain

Back 6

automatic functions of survival

Front 7

Medulla

Back 7

responsible for life funtions

Front 8

Pons

Back 8

contains sensory pathways and centers related to sleep and arousal

Front 9

Cerebellum

Back 9

controls the speed, intensity and direction of motor movements and may also play a role in motor learning, cognitive processes, and emotions

Front 10

Midbrain

Back 10

plays a role in vision, audition, and movement

Front 11

Superior/ Inferior Colliculi

Back 11

involved in visual and auditory functions

Front 12

Substantia Nigra

Back 12

integrates movement

Front 13

Forebrain

Back 13

plays a role in higher cortical functions

Front 14

Thalamus

Back 14

located below the lateral ventricles, and receives info from all sensory systems except smell

Front 15

Hypothalamus

Back 15

plays a major role in controlling hormone function, emotion, and motivated behaviors

Front 16

Pineal Gland

Back 16

secretes melatonin and is involved in daily rhythms in humans

Front 17

Corpus Callosum

Back 17

dense band of fibers connecting the right and left hemispheres

Front 18

Broca's Area

Back 18

involved in speech production

Front 19

Psychosurgery

Back 19

treats cognitive and emotional disorders

Front 20

Association Cortex

Back 20

helps the person identify objects by touch, determine the location of limbs, and locate objects in space

Front 21

Neglect

Back 21

perceptual disorder resulting from damage to the posterior parietal cortex

Front 22

Auditory Cortex

Back 22

area for hearing

Front 23

Wernicke's Area

Back 23

involved in language comprehension and production

Front 24

Inferior Temporal Cortex

Back 24

visual indentification

Front 25

Ventricles

Back 25

hollow cavities inside the brain

Front 26

Hydrocephalus

Back 26

occurs when CSF is blocked, resulting in retardation

Front 27

Reflex

Back 27

automatic movement in response to a sensory stimulus

Front 28

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 28

nourishes and cushions the CNS

Front 29

Blood Brain Barrier

Back 29

limits passage of toxins and neurotransmitters between the brain and the bloodstream

Front 30

Area Postrema

Back 30

located outside of the blood brain barrier and induces vomiting when toxins are ingested

Front 31

Proliferation

Back 31

occurs early in life and is the birth and division of new neurons

Front 32

Migration

Back 32

the neurons travel along radial glia to their ultimate destinations

Front 33

Circuit Prunning Neurotrophins

Back 33

neurons that are unsuccessful in finding a place on a target cell die

Front 34

Myelination

Back 34

begins during development and continues thru adolescence

Front 35

Platicity

Back 35

ability of neural systems to be modifies

Front 36

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Back 36

results from alcohol exposure during migration

Front 37

Radiation

Back 37

disrupts proliferation and migration

Front 38

Reorganization

Back 38

involves a shift in connections that alters the function of an area of the brain

Front 39

Regeneration

Back 39

the regrowth of severed axons

Front 40

Neurogenesis

Back 40

birth of new neurons

Front 41

Compensation

Back 41

occurs when uninjured tissue takes over the functions of neurons lost to injury

Front 42

Stem Cells

Back 42

undifferentiated cells and thus have the potential to replace damaged neural tissue

Front 43

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 43

activates the body in ways that help it cop with demands such as emotional stress and physical emergencies

Front 44

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 44

not only shows the activity of most organs to conserve energy but also activates digestion to renew energy

Front 45

Reticular Formation

Back 45

a collection of 90 or more nuclei running thru the middle of the hindbrain and the midbrain with roles in sleep and arousal, attention, reflexes, and muscle tone

Front 46

Olfactory Bulb

Back 46

a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell

Front 47

Gryrus

Back 47

a ridge in the cerebral cortex

Front 48

Sulcus

Back 48

the groove or space between 2 gyri

Front 49

Motor Cortex

Back 49

the area in the frontal lobes that controls voluntary body movements

Front 50

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 50

involved in planning and organization, impulse control, adjusting behavior in response to rewards and punishments, and some forms of decision making

Front 51

Lobotomy

Back 51

disconnects the prefrontal area from the rest of the brain

Front 52

Somatosensory Cortex

Back 52

located on the postcentral gyrus, processes the skins senses and the senses that inform us about body position and movement

Front 53

Visual Cortex

Back 53

visual info is processed

Front 54

Dorsal Root

Back 54

the branch of the spinal nerve thru which neurons enter the spinal cord

Front 55

Ventral Root

Back 55

the branch of each spinal nerve thru which the motor neurons exit